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Pulqer/History: Difference between revisions
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* Analogical levelling of irregular forms or substitution by diminutives etc, e.g. ''auris > auricula > oricla''. | * Analogical levelling of irregular forms or substitution by diminutives etc, e.g. ''auris > auricula > oricla''. | ||
===Vulgar Latin Changes=== | ===Vulgar Latin Changes=== | ||
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* Assimilation of ''ns'' > ''s'' with compensatory lengthening, e.g. ''mensa > mēsa > mẹsa'' | * Assimilation of ''ns'' > ''s'' with compensatory lengthening, e.g. ''mensa > mēsa > mẹsa'' | ||
* Assimilation of ''rs > ss'', e.g. ''ursus > ussu'' | * Assimilation of ''rs > ss'', e.g. ''ursus > ussu'' | ||
* Assimilation of ''quu'' > ''cu'', e.g. ''coquus > koku'' | |||
* Loss of vowel quantity | * Loss of vowel quantity | ||
* Palatalisation of all consonants before /j/, e.g. ''ratione > ratsone'' | * Palatalisation of all consonants before /j/, e.g. ''ratione > ratsone'' | ||
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** ''g > k > kh'' | ** ''g > k > kh'' | ||
** ''gu > q(u) > qh(u)'' /kʷ/ | ** ''gu > q(u) > qh(u)'' /kʷ/ | ||
*** ''kuV'' and ''khuV'' merge with ''q, qh'', e.g. ''phinkue > phinqe'' | |||
* Affricate /d͡ʒ/ (from L. ''j, gi'') becomes /t͡ʃ/. | * Affricate /d͡ʒ/ (from L. ''j, gi'') becomes /t͡ʃ/. | ||
* Voiced fricatives /z/ and /β/ (from intervocalic allophones of ''s, v, b'') are devoiced to /s/ and /ɸ/, the latter merging with ''f'', e.g. ''bibere > pifere'', ''casa'' /kaːza/ > ''khaesa''. | * Voiced fricatives /z/ and /β/ (from intervocalic allophones of ''s, v, b'') are devoiced to /s/ and /ɸ/, the latter merging with ''f'', e.g. ''bibere > pifere'', ''casa'' /kaːza/ > ''khaesa''. | ||
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===Middle Pulqer Changes=== | ===Middle Pulqer Changes=== | ||
* ''q, qh > p, ph'' before ''a, au'', e.g. ''linqa > limpa''. | |||
* Geminate resonants (''ll, rr, nn, mm'') are preoccluded (> ''tl, tr, tn, pm'', e.g. ''khapallu > khapatlu''. | * Geminate resonants (''ll, rr, nn, mm'') are preoccluded (> ''tl, tr, tn, pm'', e.g. ''khapallu > khapatlu''. | ||
* Excrescent ''t'' is inserted between other resonants or between ''s'' + resonant, e.g. ''esre > estre, | * Excrescent ''t'' is inserted between other resonants or between ''s'' + resonant, e.g. ''esre > estre, | ||
* Final vowels are lost, e.g. ''mueru > muer'' | * Final vowels are lost, e.g. ''mueru > muer'' | ||
* ''f'' becomes ''h'', e.g. ''filtś > hiltś'' | * ''f'' becomes ''h'', e.g. ''filtś > hiltś'' | ||
** ''f'' is probably already lost before ''u'', e.g. ''fulpr > ulpr'' | ** ''f'' is probably already lost before ''u'', e.g. ''fulpr > ulpr'' | ||
** new medial ''h'' is quickly lost or moves to the front of the word, e.g. ''ifant > ihant > hiant'') | ** new medial ''h'' is quickly lost or moves to the front of the word, e.g. ''ifant > ihant > hiant'') | ||
* Remaining geminate consonants simplified, e.g. ''khatth > khath'' | * Remaining geminate consonants simplified, e.g. ''khatth > khath'' | ||
* ''r'' and ''l'' become unstable, the former usually preferred in pre-vocalic position and the latter in post-vocalic position, e.g. ''phlutś > phrutś''. | * ''r'' and ''l'' become unstable, the former usually preferred in pre-vocalic position and the latter in post-vocalic position, e.g. ''phlutś > phrutś''. | ||