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Atlantic: Difference between revisions
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The most significant source of learned words is Ancient Greek, due to the modern standard koiné having been developed mostly from Mauritanian dialects but by Illuminism-era linguists which had a fascination for Ancient Greek: such coinages are particularly prominent in the first modern-era Atlantic dictionary (the ''Deixunori dâ Nimba Otrantiha'' of 1766) and most of them have been used in the koiné since, with a select number of them spreading to the everyday language (''guineca'' "woman", ''gliqui'' "sugar", ''heurimen'' "discovery", ''tir'' "cheese"). Most Ancient Greek reborrowings have however a learned origin, such as ''halma'' "heartbeat", ''apocrima'' "refusal", ''drasi'' "efficacy", ''elaso(n)'' "progress", ''eleuteria'' "freedom", ''elilameni'' "civilization", ''iatria'' "medicine", ''sinfero(n)'' "common cause"). Many internationalisms of Greek origin also maintain a form closer to the original, including neuter gender, ''-ta'' plurals and movable nu when applicable (''tropaio(n)'' "trophy", ''stadio(n)'' "stadium", ''ṭeatro(n)'' "theater", ''helicoptero(n)'' "helicopter").<br/>Often there are doublets of Greek and Latin forms, where the Latin forms are used in more concrete or common senses, while the more abstract senses use the Greek word. For example ''paix'' is used for "peace, calm, tranquillity", while the ideal of peace is ''ireni''<ref>With the exception of certain religious set phrases, which use ''paix''.</ref>; similarly, ''livirṭoṭi'' denotes the absence of momentary constraints, while ''eleuteria'' is the word used for the freedom of a person, a people, or a country. | The most significant source of learned words is Ancient Greek, due to the modern standard koiné having been developed mostly from Mauritanian dialects but by Illuminism-era linguists which had a fascination for Ancient Greek: such coinages are particularly prominent in the first modern-era Atlantic dictionary (the ''Deixunori dâ Nimba Otrantiha'' of 1766) and most of them have been used in the koiné since, with a select number of them spreading to the everyday language (''guineca'' "woman", ''gliqui'' "sugar", ''heurimen'' "discovery", ''tir'' "cheese"). Most Ancient Greek reborrowings have however a learned origin, such as ''halma'' "heartbeat", ''apocrima'' "refusal", ''drasi'' "efficacy", ''elaso(n)'' "progress", ''eleuteria'' "freedom", ''elilameni'' "civilization", ''iatria'' "medicine", ''sinfero(n)'' "common cause"). Many internationalisms of Greek origin also maintain a form closer to the original, including neuter gender, ''-ta'' plurals and movable nu when applicable (''tropaio(n)'' "trophy", ''stadio(n)'' "stadium", ''ṭeatro(n)'' "theater", ''helicoptero(n)'' "helicopter").<br/>Often there are doublets of Greek and Latin forms, where the Latin forms are used in more concrete or common senses, while the more abstract senses use the Greek word. For example ''paix'' is used for "peace, calm, tranquillity", while the ideal of peace is ''ireni''<ref>With the exception of certain religious set phrases, which use ''paix''.</ref>; similarly, ''livirṭoṭi'' denotes the absence of momentary constraints, while ''eleuteria'' is the word used for the freedom of a person, a people, or a country. | ||
Even in modern day colloquial Atlantic, calques are preferred to borrowings, and some "hyperpurist" words, sometimes coined back from Latin roots, emerge at the expense of English or French internationalisms; for recent examples, see ''idemulc'' "selfie" (Lat. <small>ĪDEM</small> + ''-ulc'' ← <small>-ŪCULUM</small>) and the derived verb ''idemulcori-s''; ''genti'' "smartphone" (clipping of ''tilefon intiligenti''); ''tenia'' "malware" (from the word for "tapeworm, taenia", itself a Renaissance reborrowing from Lat. <small>TÆNIA</small>); ''valy igni'' "firewall" (equiv. to Lat. <small>VALLUM ĪGNEUM</small>); ''precalcuroṭ'' "budget" (equiv. to Lat. *præcalculātum, possibly influenced by Modern Greek ''προϋπολογισμός''); ''tuṭurolb'' "tutorial" (equiv. to Lat. *tūtorābulum); ''cunfirmolc'' "voucher" (equiv. to *cōnfirmāculum); ''advirtenti'' "ad" (English calque, equiv. to Lat. <small>ADVERTENTEM</small>). Some of these are not exclusive to Atlantic, see e.g. ''surixi'' "(computer) mouse", using the same word for the animal (Lat. <small>SŌRICEM</small>). | |||
===Days and months=== | ===Days and months=== | ||
The days of the week in Atlantic derive from the standard pre-Christian Roman names, including, unlike in sister languages, the name for Saturday, which still refers to Saturn: | The days of the week in Atlantic derive from the standard pre-Christian Roman names, including, unlike in sister languages, the name for Saturday, which still refers to Saturn: | ||