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Kootayi: Difference between revisions
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|ist-a | |ist-a | ||
|á-∅-at-haʼ-aa | |á-∅-at-haʼ-aa | ||
|á-a-coo-∅ | |á-a-coo-∅-i | ||
|ski-y-ínni-o | |ski-y-ínni-o | ||
|- | |- | ||
|man-AN.SG | |man-AN.SG | ||
|CONJ-3sg.-INCH-go.PFV-3.sg.AN | |CONJ-3sg.-INCH-go.PFV-3.sg.AN | ||
|CONJ-STAT-fish-IN.SG | |CONJ-STAT-fish-IN.SG-NMLZ | ||
|1.sg.POSS-epenthetic | |1.sg.POSS-epenthetic."y"-husband-AN.SG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="5" |"The man who has just gone fishing is my husband". | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Syntax== | |||
Word order in Kootayi is quite flexible in response to discourse and pragmatic concerns. It is rare to have both a subject and an object in a sentence since the morphology of the verb makes it clear who is acting on whom (the same is true for other Plains languages). In a "neutral" context, '''SVO''' word order is preferred; however, it also alternates with '''SOV''' and '''VSO''' orders. The pre-verbal position can also be occupied by adverbs, as seen in this example: | |||
:{| | |||
|iskiim | |||
|ikkinoniit | |||
|tiiki | |||
|yikoi. | |||
|- | |||
|iskiim | |||
|∅-ikki-non-iit | |||
|tiik-i | |||
|∅-yiko-i | |||
|- | |||
|today | |||
|3sg.AN.Obj.-1.AN.Subj.-see.PFV-pl.AN.Subj. | |||
|crow-AN.SG | |||
|3.sg.AN-white-STV | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |"Today we saw a white crow". | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
Direction of the agent-patient relationship is often obvious from person markers on verbs. The inverse system in Kootayi is observable only in interactions between third persons. The following example shows the difference between direct and inverse: | |||
:{| | |||
|ista | |||
|yistoʼni | |||
|nonaa. | |||
|- | |||
|ist-a | |||
|yist-o-ʼni | |||
|∅-non-aa | |||
|- | |||
|man.AN.SG.PROX | |||
|woman-AN.SG-AN.OBV | |||
|3sg.AN.-see.PFV-3sg.AN.DIR | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |"The man (proximate) saw a woman (obviative)". | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
:{| | |||
|istaʼni | |||
|yisto | |||
|nonoki. | |||
|- | |||
|ist-a-ʼni | |||
|yist-o | |||
|∅-non-oki | |||
|- | |||
|man.AN.SG.-AN.OBV | |||
|woman-AN.SG.PROX | |||
|3sg.AN.-see.PFV-3sg.AN.INV | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |"A man (obviative) saw the woman (proximate)". | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
:{| | |||
|yisto | |||
|sinon | |||
|(ista). | |||
|- | |||
|yist-o | |||
|si-∅-non | |||
|(ist-a) | |||
|- | |||
|woman-AN.SG | |||
|PASS-3sg.AN.-see.PFV | |||
|(man.AN.SG) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |"The woman was seen (by the man)". | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
The third example shows that the inverse construction is different from passive, which is a valency changing operation and promotes the object to the subject of the sentence, while inverse does not change roles of nouns in the example. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | ||