Vadi: Difference between revisions

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Vadi (view source)

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| translation = Meat, I shall buy (some).
| translation = Meat, I shall buy (some).
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===Derivation===
Derivational affixes occur in greater frequency, but the texts from the Scriptum suggest the overwhelming number of these affixes are no longer productive.  For this reason, the general consensus among Vadists is that these affixes have been fossilized.  A prefix ''pesa-'' occurs among some verbs that tends to give them causative meaning.  For this reason some have speculated this is a borrowing from the Minhast causative prefix ''išp-''.  This view is problematic however, because this prefix sometimes appears to intensify the meaning of the root.  Moreover, it is also found attached to some nouns, but its addition does not appear to affect the semantics of the noun.
Causative ''pesa-'':
{{Gloss
|phrase = Anu úla pesadíka, hen.
| IPA =
| morphemes = Anu úla pesa-díka nai hen
| gloss = PN 2P CAUS-run.off FUT EMPH
| translation = (Prefect) Annu will drive you out! 
}}
Intensive ''pesa-'':
{{Gloss
|phrase = Ji pesakúna, kaman uláta, ji nokan pesakúdi.
| IPA =
| morphemes = ji pesa-kúna nai, kaman uláta ji nokan pesa-akúdi.
| gloss = 1P CAUS-go FUT head úla=ABL 2S rock CAUS-throw.
| translation = I will climb (that mountain) above you (so that) I can rain down rocks (upon you).
}}
Nominal ''pesa-'':
{{Gloss
|phrase = Pesarona hokun.
| IPA =
| morphemes = pesa-rona hokun
| gloss = CAUS-snake eat.
| translation = Snakes will eat (you).
}}
Contrast this with the actual use of the Minhast causative ''išp-'', by Prefect Annu (Minhast, Dog Speaker Dialect):
{{Gloss
|phrase = Tašpintaknataheknessuš, tašpintaknaknessuš.  Marantaħmankilmakš, yattax!  Ikšitamaškidustitaħmāš!
| IPA =
| morphemes = ta-šp-nt-ikna-tahek-ness-u=š ta-šp-nt-ikna-k-ness-u=š  maran-tahem-an-kilmakš yattax  kš-tamašk-dust-tahem-an=š
| gloss = NEG-CAUS-INT-go-2S.ACC+1S.NOM-FUT-TRNS=IRR NEG-CAUS-go-FUT-TRNS=IRR pest-2P.NOM-MIR.NEG DEPR CESS-stalk.while.hunting-REC.ADVS-2P.NOM-INTR=IRR
| translation = I don't plan on throwing you off your land, and I'm not planning on throwing him off his land.  You two pests should leave each other alone!
}}
Other derivational affixes, both prefixes and suffixes, are more common, some appear to be highly productive and suggest they can be spontaneously generated:
* ''-kai'': a deverbal for creating place nouns, e.g. ''iavati-kai'' "a place for buying", i.e. marketplace.
* ''-pallái'': another deverbal for creating place nouns, e.g. ''tukin-pallái'' "a place for sitting", i.e. hearth, dining room.
* ''-kattá'': a deverbal affix deriving agent nouns, e.g. ''iavati-kattá'' "one who buys, a buyer"
Some affixes may be chained, as in ''tukimpallaikattá'' < ''tukin-pallai-kattá'' "a place for sitting ones", i.e. "dinner guests, diners".  However, affix chaining is rather uncommon.
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===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
Anyar
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