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Eyalian: Difference between revisions
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress (''oaveulo'') can be placed on either the first (initial) or the second syllable. Eyalian had a pitch accent in the past, called ''almoara'' ("the pleasing one") or ''eulo almoan'', and many mountainous dialects still possess this feature. Usually elision of a plosive lead to the rising accent, while the absence of elision resulted in the falling accent, for example ''*qena'' "language" resulted in éna [ɛ̌.nɑ]. Falling pitch was default and thus conditional, but could sometimes become "independent" (''o'hiehtanne'') or "marked" under certain phonological processes: ''alòama'' "woman" > ''jàloama'' "this woman" (in the latter word the accent falls on the short syllable instead of the expected long one, like in the former word), or ''jùmui'' ("completely" from ''ix qomu in'' "in one piece") instead of expected ''**júmui''. Later both pitches coincided, but the rising accent shifted the stress to the next syllable, hence modern [ɛ.ˈnɑ]. There is no regular way to predict the position of stress and it needs to be memorised. Most of the words have one accented syllable, with the exception of compond words. | Stress (''oaveulo'') can be placed on either the first (initial) or the second syllable. Eyalian had a pitch accent in the past, called ''almoara'' ("the pleasing one") or ''eulo almoan'', and many mountainous dialects still possess this feature. Usually elision of a plosive lead to the rising accent, while the absence of elision resulted in the falling accent, for example ''*qena'' "language" resulted in éna [ɛ̌.nɑ]. Falling pitch was default and thus conditional, but could sometimes become "independent" (''o'hiehtanne'') or "marked" under certain phonological processes: ''alòama'' "woman" > ''jàloama'' "this woman" (in the latter word the accent falls on the short syllable instead of the expected long one, like in the former word), or ''jùmui'' ("completely" from ''ix qomu in'' "in one piece") instead of expected ''**júmui''. Later both pitches coincided, but the rising accent shifted the stress to the next syllable, hence modern [ɛ.ˈnɑ]. There is no regular way to predict the position of stress and it needs to be memorised. Most of the words have one accented syllable, with the exception of compond words. | ||
==Morphology== | |||
German is a mildly fusional language with a moderate degree of inflection, with three numbers for both nouns and verbs; and a rich derivational morphology, meaning there can be a large number of words derived from the same root. | |||
===Nominals=== | |||
Nouns and adjectives inflect by number, case and have two forms (or states): | |||
*four cases: ''xattane'' "direct" (or [[w:Nominative case|nominative]]), ''lohuonne'' "relative" (or [[w:Genitive case|genitive]]), ''o'xattane'' "indirect" (or [[w:Dative case|dative]] and ''eilėke'' [[w:Vocative case|vocative]]; | |||
*three numbers: ''jevaoha'' (singular), ''ecevaoha'' (dual), ''ėhkȯvaoha'' (plural). | |||
*two forms: ''fiellame'' "independent" and ''lohulti'' "conjunct". | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
! Case name !! ''jevaoha''<br>Singular !! ''ecevaoha''<br>Dual !! ''ėhkȯvaoha''<br>Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative <br> (''xattane'') | |||
| -(vowel) <br> -∅ || -i <br> -ea) || -ėla <br> -ala) | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive <br> (''lohuonne'') | |||
| -e <br> -(vowel)i || -ie <br> -eai) || -ili <br> -(vowel)li) | |||
|- | |||
! Dative <br> (''o'xattane'') | |||
| -a(h) || -oai || -un <br> -ȯn) | |||
|- | |||
! Vocative <br> (''eilėke'') | |||
| -ei <br> -(vowel)i || -ie <br> -eai) || -ili <br> -(vowel)li) | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
This degree of inflection is considerably less than found in Meinqələr Kvetain - the oldest known language of Keta, but it likely similar to the inflectional morphology of Proto-Ketan, from which Eyalian descends. Like in most Ketan languages, Eyalian forms noun compounds in which the second noun modifies the category given by the first, for example: ''elja-oh'' “tree of life” (in nominative case, though ''eljoh'' can also be found as a simple word), ''koaz-kȯnui'' “door of a house” (in genitive case). The second noun is in the conjunct form (''aujo lohulti''), which is also used with prepostional clitics (but not with possessive clitics): ''i-kȯn'' “in the house”, but ''zėkono'' “my house” (where the independent form is used instead). | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Artlangs]] | [[Category:Artlangs]] | ||