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: '''E-Stems'''
: '''E-Stems'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''thriste'' <br /> "sad"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''triste'' <br /> "sad"
! colspan="2;" | Masculine/Feminine
! colspan="2;" | Masculine/Feminine
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! Nom-Acc
! Nom-Acc
| ''thriste''
| ''triste''
| ''thristi''
| ''tristi''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''thristi''
| ''tristi''
| ''thristu''
| ''tristu''
|}
|}


Examples:
Examples:
* ''isu anne thriste'' "the sad man"
* ''isu anne triste'' "the sad man"
* ''ise tśaene filte'' "the green doors"
* ''ise tśaene filte'' "the green doors"
* ''isa filtśa filiekhe te une finne thristi'' "the happy daughter of a sad woman"
* ''isa filtśa filiekhe te une finne tristi'' "the happy daughter of a sad woman"


====Comparison====
====Comparison====
The comparative of regular adjectives may be formed with the adverbs ''mai'' "more" or ''mankhu'' "less" followed by the positive adjective:
The comparative of regular adjectives may be formed with the adverbs ''mai'' "more" or ''mankhu'' "less" followed by the positive adjective:
* ''mai filiekke'' "happier"
* ''mai filiekke'' "happier"
* ''mankhu thriste'' "less sad"
* ''mankhu triste'' "less sad"
* ''mai nuu'' "newer"
* ''mai nuu'' "newer"


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* ''Martsu es isu mai filiekhe'' "Martsu is the happiest"
* ''Martsu es isu mai filiekhe'' "Martsu is the happiest"
* ''isa nutthe mai lunku'' "the longest night"
* ''isa nutthe mai lunku'' "the longest night"
* ''ise phersuene mai thristi te isu muntu'' "the saddest people in the world"
* ''ise phersuene mai tristi te isu muntu'' "the saddest people in the world"


The following adjectives have irregular comparative forms:
The following adjectives have irregular comparative forms:
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====Ordinals====
====Ordinals====
The ordinal numerals are adjectives that decline like any other and usually follow the noun they modify, agreeing in gender, case and number with that noun. Note that ''phriemu'' "first" means simply the first in a series when following the noun, but means "foremost, superior" when preceding (e.g. ''isu phriemu arike'' "the foremost king" vs. ''isu arike phriemu'' "the first man").
The ordinal numerals are adjectives that decline like any other and usually follow the noun they modify, agreeing in gender, case and number with that noun. Note that ''priemu'' "first" means simply the first in a series when following the noun, but means "foremost, superior" when preceding (e.g. ''isu priemu arike'' "the foremost king" vs. ''isu arike priemu'' "the first man").


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
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! 1
! 1
| ''uenu, uena''
| ''uenu, uena''
| ''phriemu''
| ''priemu''
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
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|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| ''thri''
| ''tri''
| ''theltsu''
| ''theltsu''
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| ''qathru''
| ''qatru''
| ''qaltu''
| ''qaltu''
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! 13
! 13
| ''thretsi''
| ''tretsi''
| ''thretsimu''
| ''tretsimu''
|-
|-
! 14
! 14
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|-
|-
! 23  
! 23  
| ''fintithri''
| ''fintitri''
| ''fintithriemu''
| ''fintitriemu''
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| ''thrinta''
| ''trinta''
| ''thrintimu''
| ''trintimu''
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
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! 101
! 101
| ''khentu uenu''
| ''khentu uenu''
| ''khentu phriemu''
| ''khentu priemu''
|-
|-
! 102
! 102
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|-
|-
! 300
! 300
| ''thrikhenti''
| ''trikhenti''
| ''thrikhentimu''
| ''trikhentimu''
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
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====Fractions====
====Fractions====
Most fractions are identical to their ordinal form, e.g. ''uenu theltsu'' "one third", ''qathru sesti'' "four sixths", ''thri qalti'' "three quarters". The word for "half" is ''metśu''.
Most fractions are identical to their ordinal form, e.g. ''uenu theltsu'' "one third", ''qatru sesti'' "four sixths", ''tri qalti'' "three quarters". The word for "half" is ''metśu''.


There are extended nominal forms indicating standard parts of a whole, ''meithathe'' "half", ''theltsaeltśu'' "third", ''qaltaeltśu'' "quarter", ''tsintaeltśu'' "fifth", ''sestaeltśu'' "sixth".
There are extended nominal forms indicating standard parts of a whole, ''meithathe'' "half", ''theltsaeltśu'' "third", ''qaltaeltśu'' "quarter", ''tsintaeltśu'' "fifth", ''sestaeltśu'' "sixth".


====Multiplicatives====
====Multiplicatives====
Multiplicatives are formed from the cardinal numerals followed by the feminine noun ''fieke'' "time" (pl. ''fieki''), e.g. ''uena fieke'' "once", ''tua fieki'' "twice", ''thri fieki'' "thrice" etc.
Multiplicatives are formed from the cardinal numerals followed by the feminine noun ''fieke'' "time" (pl. ''fieki''), e.g. ''uena fieke'' "once", ''tua fieki'' "twice", ''tri fieki'' "thrice" etc.


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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====Possessive Pronouns====
====Possessive Pronouns====
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives that decline much like any other, agreeing in gender, case and number with the noun they modify. They may be used pronominally as a predicate (e.g. ''{THIS} es thuu'' "this is yours", or adjectivally preceding a noun (e.g. ''thua maethre'' "your mother"). There are different pronouns for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons in singular and plural, but no distinction is made between the gender of the 'subject'. The basic (masc. sing.) forms are ''meu'' "my", ''theu'' "thy, you (sg)", ''seu'' "his, her, its", ''nustru'' "our", ''fustru'' "your (pl.)" and ''isuru'' "their". For example, ''seu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khattha'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakkhe'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives that decline much like any other, agreeing in gender, case and number with the noun they modify. They may be used pronominally as a predicate (e.g. ''{THIS} es thuu'' "this is yours", or adjectivally preceding a noun (e.g. ''thua maetre'' "your mother"). There are different pronouns for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons in singular and plural, but no distinction is made between the gender of the 'subject'. The basic (masc. sing.) forms are ''meu'' "my", ''theu'' "thy, you (sg)", ''seu'' "his, her, its", ''nustru'' "our", ''fustru'' "your (pl.)" and ''isuru'' "their". For example, ''seu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khattha'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakkhe'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".


The full declension is shown below:
The full declension is shown below:
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! colspan="2;" | 1. ''amaere'' "to love"
! colspan="2;" | 1. ''amaere'' "to love"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''thimiere'' "to fear"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''thimiere'' "to fear"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''pheithre'' "to ask"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''pheitre'' "to ask"
|-
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
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|-
|-
! Infinitive
! Infinitive
| colspan="2;" | ''amaere'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiere'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheithre''
| colspan="2;" | ''amaere'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiere'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheitre''
|-
|-
! Gerund  
! Gerund  
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" |
! colspan="2;" | 1. ''esre'' "to be"
! colspan="2;" | 1. ''aere'' "to have"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''aere'' "to have"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''taere'' "to give"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''iere'' "to go"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''iere'' "to go"
|-
|-
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! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''au'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''aimu'' <br> ''aithi'' <br> ''aun''
| ''au'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''aimu'' <br> ''aithi'' <br> ''aun''
| ''afia'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afiaemu'' <br> ''afiaethi'' <br> ''afian''
| ''afiu'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afiaemu'' <br> ''afiaethi'' <br> ''afian''
|  
| ''tau'' <br> ''tai'' <br> ''tai'' <br> ''taemu'' <br> ''taethi'' <br> ''tan''
|
| ''taefu'' <br> ''taefa'' <br> ''taefa'' <br> ''tafaemu'' <br> ''tafaethi'' <br> ''taefan''
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Imperative
! Imperative
| colspan="2;" | ''-'' (sg.), ''-'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | ''thiemi'' (sg.) ''thimiette'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | pheithe (sg.), pheithithe (pl.)
| colspan="2;" | ''-'' (sg.), ''-'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | ''taethe'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" |  
|-
|-
! Infinitive
! Infinitive
| colspan="2;" | ''esre'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiere'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheithre''
| colspan="2;" | ''aere'' || colspan="2;" | ''taere'' || colspan="2;" | ''''
|-
|-
! Gerund  
! Gerund  
| colspan="2;" | ''essentu'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimentu'' || colspan="2;" | ''phethentu
| colspan="2;" | ''afentu'' || colspan="2;" | ''tantu'' || colspan="2;" | ''
|-
|-
! Past Participle  
! Past Participle  
| colspan="2;" | ''essithu'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiethu'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheithithu''
| colspan="2;" | ''aefithu'' || colspan="2;" | ''taethu'' || colspan="2;" | ''''
|}
|}
Like ''taere'' are ''faere'' "to do, make" and ''astaere'' "live, exist".


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
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| '''body''' || ''khurpu'', m.
| '''body''' || ''khurpu'', m.
|-
|-
| '''believe''' || ''khretre'', ''khreit-''
| '''believe''' || ''kretre'', ''kreit-''
|-
|-
| '''belief''' || ''khretentsa'', f.
| '''belief''' || ''kretentsa'', f.
|-
|-
| '''with''' || ''khun''
| '''with''' || ''khun''
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| '''hair''' || ''phielu'', m.
| '''hair''' || ''phielu'', m.
|-
|-
| '''rain''' || ''phrutśa'', f.
| '''rain''' || ''prutśa'', f.
|-
|-
| '''door''' || ''tśaena'', f.
| '''door''' || ''tśaena'', f.
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| '''fear''' || ''thimre'', ''thiem-''
| '''fear''' || ''thimre'', ''thiem-''
|-
|-
| '''sad''' || ''thriste''
| '''sad''' || ''triste''
|-
|-
| '''one''' || ''unu''
| '''one''' || ''unu''
Psammead
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