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Nahónda: Difference between revisions
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==== Male/Female Speech Marking ==== | ==== Male/Female Speech Marking ==== | ||
Nahónda verbs use special clitics to differentiate whether the speaker is male or female. These clitics have no cognates in any of the Nahenic languages, but were adopted from their immediate Siouan-speaking neighbors, specifically, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language#Men's_and_women's_speech Lakota]. They are apparently a recent borrowing, as the forms are exactly the same as in Lakota, having undergone no phonological changes. | Nahónda verbs use special clitics to differentiate whether the speaker is male or female. These clitics have no cognates in any of the Nahenic languages, but were adopted from their immediate Siouan-speaking neighbors, specifically, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language#Men's_and_women's_speech Lakota]. They are apparently a recent borrowing, as the forms are exactly the same as in Lakota, having undergone no phonological changes. | ||
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Yeló (men) ye (women) mark mild assertions. Kštó (women only according to most sources) marks strong assertion. Yo (men) and ye (women) mark neutral commands, yetȟó (men) and nitȟó (women) mark familiar, and ye (both men and women) and na mark requests. He is used by both genders to mark direct questions, but men also use hųwó in more formal situations. So (men) and se (women) mark dubitative questions (where the person being asked is not assumed to know the answer). | |||
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==== Postural and Locomotive Verbs ==== | ==== Postural and Locomotive Verbs ==== | ||