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Nahónda: Difference between revisions
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Nevertheless, there are certain patterns shared by both languages. In both languages, the scalar operators appear before the verb root in both languages. The position of the incorporated noun appears directly after the verb in both languages also, which is otherwise a rare phenomenon in polysynthetic languages. The causative is in preverbal position in both languages, occupying a single slot within the Nahónda verb template, and Slot 3 of the Preverbal affixes in the Minhast template. Moreover, the tense/aspect and transitivity markers appear postverbally and in the same order in both languages. The placement of these slots relative to the verb root is not coincidental but is the result from a shared ancestry. | Nevertheless, there are certain patterns shared by both languages. In both languages, the scalar operators appear before the verb root in both languages. The position of the incorporated noun appears directly after the verb in both languages also, which is otherwise a rare phenomenon in polysynthetic languages. The causative is in preverbal position in both languages, occupying a single slot within the Nahónda verb template, and Slot 3 of the Preverbal affixes in the Minhast template. Moreover, the tense/aspect and transitivity markers appear postverbally and in the same order in both languages. The placement of these slots relative to the verb root is not coincidental but is the result from a shared ancestry. | ||
Interestingly, while their other relative, Nankôre, does not exhibit noun incorporation, it does employ a similar process called ''quasi-incorporation''. And just as in Nahónda and Minhast, the quasi-incorporated noun appears post-verbally | Interestingly, while their other relative, Nankôre, does not exhibit noun incorporation, it does employ a similar process called ''quasi-incorporation''. And just as in Nahónda and Minhast, the quasi-incorporated noun appears post-verbally before the auxiliary ''itá''': | ||
*Default SOV<sub>1</sub>V<sub>2</sub> Order: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Makse rihat tayôreno ta'itá | |||
|IPA = /'makʃɛ̯ ɾi'hat ta'yo:reno ;taʔɪt'aʔ/ | |||
| morphemes = makse rihat ta=yôre=no ta-itá-ʔ | |||
| gloss = mouse.LA falcon.HA INV=bite=SEM INV-HS.COP-LS | |||
| translation = The mouse bit the falcon. | |||
}} | |||
*Quasi-Noun Incorporation, SV<sub>1</sub>OV<sub>2</sub> Order: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Makse yôreno rihat 'itá' | |||
|IPA = /'makʃɛ̯ 'yo:reno ɾi'hat taʔɪt'aʔ/ | |||
| morphemes = makse yôre=no rihat ∅-itá-ʔ | |||
| gloss = mouse.LA bite=SEM falcon DIR-COP-LS | |||
| translation = The mouse falcon-bit. | |||
}} | |||
The postverbal position of the incorporated or quasi-incorporated noun is a shared feature among the three languages, apparently inherited from the Nahenic protolanguage. | |||
There are three principal types of transitivity markers in Nahónda, transitive active, intransitive active, and intransitive stative. A minor fourth type of marker exists, a zero-valent intransitive impersonal marker, which is used principally for describing meteorological and supernatural events. | There are three principal types of transitivity markers in Nahónda, transitive active, intransitive active, and intransitive stative. A minor fourth type of marker exists, a zero-valent intransitive impersonal marker, which is used principally for describing meteorological and supernatural events. | ||