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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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Interrogative Pronouns Added
(Section on polar questions added) |
(Interrogative Pronouns Added) |
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Pronouns are not marked for singular or plural, but there are two words for "we" depending on whether the listener is included [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity]. The pronouns that do not include the listener are also used to only talk about the speaker. Another way of looking at this is that Kämpya makes no distinction between "us not including you" and "me", but uses different forms for "us including you". | Pronouns are not marked for singular or plural, but there are two words for "we" depending on whether the listener is included [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity]. The pronouns that do not include the listener are also used to only talk about the speaker. Another way of looking at this is that Kämpya makes no distinction between "us not including you" and "me", but uses different forms for "us including you". | ||
There is also a set of interrogative pronouns that can mean "who" or "what" depending on the context (Kämpya conflates the two). By adding postpostions, words meaning "how" and "why" can be formed. | |||
Kämpya has a tripartite case marking system on pronouns [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_language]. However, the ergative pronouns are identical to the (alienable) genitive pronouns. | Kämpya has a tripartite case marking system on pronouns [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_language]. However, the ergative pronouns are identical to the (alienable) genitive pronouns. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! 1st Person Exclusive !! 1st Person Inclusive !! 2nd Person | ! !! 1st Person Exclusive !! 1st Person Inclusive !! 2nd Person !! Interrogative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a consonant || ái || wéi || jéi | | Before a consonant || ái || wéi || jéi || bá | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a vowel || ój- || wéj- || jéw- | | Before a vowel || ój- || wéj- || jéw- || báj- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Emphatic || òṵ || wèḭ || jèḭ | | Emphatic || òṵ || wèḭ || jèḭ || bà̰ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! 1st Person Exclusive !! 1st Person Inclusive !! 2nd Person !! 3PS !! Reflexive | ! !! 1st Person Exclusive !! 1st Person Inclusive !! 2nd Person !! 3PS !! Reflexive !! Interrogative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a consonant || mí || lán || ŋí || swí || sé | | Before a consonant || mí || lán || ŋí || swí || sé || ké | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a vowel || mj- || lán- || íŋ- || síw- || és- | | Before a vowel || mj- || lán- || íŋ- || síw- || és- || ék- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Emphatic || mḭ̀ || là̰n || ḭ̀ŋ || swḭ̀ || sḛ̀ | | Emphatic || mḭ̀ || là̰n || ḭ̀ŋ || swḭ̀ || sḛ̀ || kḛ̀ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! | ! !! 1PS Excl. !! 1PS Incl. !! 2PS !! 3PS Prox. !! 3PS Obv. !! Interrogative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a consonant (Inalienable) || mái || áu || jó || dé || ðí | | Before a consonant (Inalienable) || mái || áu || jó || dé || ðí || zwé | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a vowel (Inalienable) || máj- || áw- || jólw- || délw- || ðj- | | Before a vowel (Inalienable) || máj- || áw- || jólw- || délw- || ðj- || ézw- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Alienable || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || dḛ̂- || ðjíʔ | | Alienable || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || dḛ̂- || ðjíʔ || N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ergative || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || N/A || ðjíʔ | | Ergative || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || N/A || ðjíʔ || hêḭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Emphatic || mòṵ || ˈḛ̀wá || bwò̤ || swḭ̀ || sḛ̀ | | Emphatic || mòṵ || ˈḛ̀wá || bwò̤ || swḭ̀ || sḛ̀ || kjḛ̀n | ||
|} | |} | ||