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Aarlaansk is a ''Romance language'' that descends from Vulgar Latin, even if, in spite of other languages of the same family, in Aarlaansk many common terms derive from Classical latin.
Aarlaansk is a ''Romance language'' that descends from Vulgar Latin, even if, in spite of other languages of the same family, in Aarlaansk many common terms derive from Classical latin.
The lexicon is almost completely of Latin origin (99% of Aarlaansk words derive from Latin).
The lexicon is almost completely of Latin origin (99% of Aarlaansk words derive from Latin).
=Phonology=
==Alphabet==
The Aarlaansk alphabet contains 23 letters and 1 digraph that is considered a distinct letter:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Letters'''
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Pronunciation'''
! style="text-align: center;"|'''Further informations'''
|-
|a
|short [a] - long [ɑ:]
| -
|-
|b
|[b]
| -
|-
|c
|[k]
|it is used only in digraphs and trigraphs
|-
|d
|[d]
| -
|-
|e
|short [ɛ] - long [e:]
| -
|-
|f
|[f]
| -
|-
|g
|[g]
| -
|-
|h
|[h]
| -
|-
|i
|[ɪ]
|always short
|-
|j
|[j]
|a palatal approximant
|-
|ij
|[ɛi̯]
|when unstressed it is a schwa [ə]
|-
|k
|[k]
| -
|-
|l
|[l]
| -
|-
|m
|[m]
| -
|-
|n
|[n]
| -
|-
|o
|short [ɔ] - long [o:]
| -
|-
|p
|[p]
| -
|-
|r
|[r]
|trilled as in Italian
|-
|s
|[s]
| -
|-
|t
|[t]
| -
|-
|u
|short [œ] - long [y:]
| -
|-
|v
|[v]
| -
|-
|w
|[v]
| -
|-
|z
|[z]
| -
|}
When voiced consonants are found in final position, they are devoiced and become voiceless. The ''g'', ''z'' and ''v'' can be pronounced respectively [χ], [s] and [f] when at the beginning of a word, this pronounciation is not compulsory and is rather dialectal.
===Vowels===
The vocalic phonemes of Aarlaansk are the following:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! rowspan="2" colspan="1"|'''Phonemes'''
! rowspan="1" colspan="2"|'''Short'''
! rowspan="1" colspan="2"|'''Long'''
|-
!'''Front'''
!'''Back'''
!'''Front'''
!'''Back'''
|-
!'''Closed'''
|ɪ
|ʊ
|i: y:
|u:
|-
!'''Mid-closed'''
|
|
|e: ø:
|o:
|-
!'''Mid-open'''
|ɛ œ
|ɔ
|
|
|-
!'''Open'''
|a
|
|
|ɑ:
|}
The [a] and the [ɑ:] are rather centralised.
===Diphthongs, false diphthongs and vowel length===
In Aarlaansk there are only three diphthongs:
* ''ei'' [ɛi̯];
* ''ou'' [au̯];
* ''ui'' [œy].
There are also other "vocalic combinations" that represent a long vowel instead, thus they are called '''false diphthongs''' or just '''long vowels''':
* eu [ø:];
* ie [i:];
* oe [u:].
A diaeresis divides two vowels that, otherwise, would form a diphthong, ex.: ''ïe'' [‘ie], "they"; ''zoüüt'' [zo'y:t], "greeting". The diphthongs, the false diphthongs and the letter ''ij'' (that really indicates the same diphthong as ''ei'') are always long in Aarlaansk, while the letters ''i'' and ''y'' are always short. The letters ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' can be both short and long, instead. To indicate the vowel length of these four vowels, this language uses a special system that is based on the kind of syllables.
There are two kind of syllables: they can be both open and closed. A syllable is open when it ends with a vowel (so ''ma'', ''te'', ''ko'', ''su'' are all open syllables); a syllable is closed when it ends with a consonant (so ''mat'', ''tek'', ''kos'', ''sum'' are all closed syllables).
The rules to indicate the length of ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' says that:
«'''When a long vowel is found in an open syllable, it is written once, whereas if it is found in a closed syllable, it is written twice.'''»
That is to say that short vowels are never found in open syllables, but only in closed ones. In both these cases (short vowel in closed syllable and long vowel in open syllable) the vowels are written once. When a long vowel occurs in a closed syllable, then it is written twice,ex.:
* in ''ma'' and ''maat'' the a's are long; in ''mat'' the a is short;
* in ''te'' and ''teek'' the e's are long; in ''tek'' the e is short;
* in ''ko'' and ''koos'' the o's are long; in ''kos'' the o is short;
* in ''su'' and ''suum'' the u's are long; in ''sum'' the u is short.
This rule has got one last implication: if the syllabic division changes, then there could be grafic changes, ex.:
* ''maat'' (''a'' is long) > ''m'''a'''te'' (''a'' remains long, but it is now found in an open syllable, so it is written once);
* ''mat'' (''a'' is short) > ''mat'''t'''e'' (''a'' remains short, but a short vowel occurs never in an open syllable, so we need to double the following consonant to maintain the syllable closed).
===Digraphs and trigraphs===
Aarlaansk has got two digraphs, that are ''ch'', that is read [χ], and ''ck'', that is read [k] and represents the double k. There is only a trigraph, ''sch'' that is read [ʃ].
==Stress==
The stress usually falls on the last syllable, this is particularly true for the infinitive and for the simple past of the verbs, for the feminine nouns that end in ''-el'', for the nouns that end in ''-ie''.
Generally the nouns and the adjective ending in ''e-'', ''-em'', ''-en'', ''-el'' (except for the feminine nouns) and ''-er'' are stressed on the last but one syllable.
However it is advisable to learn the pronunciation of every word as you learn them.
Llyn
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