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|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan_languages|Latino-Faliscan]] | |fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan_languages|Latino-Faliscan]] | ||
|fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]] | |fam4 = [[w:Latin|Latin]] | ||
|map = Aarlaans.gif | |map = Aarlaans.gif | ||
|mapcaption = The Aarlaans | |mapcaption = The Aarlaans | ||
| Line 227: | Line 225: | ||
Generally the nouns and the adjective ending in ''e-'', ''-em'', ''-en'', ''-el'' (except for the feminine nouns) and ''-er'' are stressed on the last but one syllable. | Generally the nouns and the adjective ending in ''e-'', ''-em'', ''-en'', ''-el'' (except for the feminine nouns) and ''-er'' are stressed on the last but one syllable. | ||
However it is advisable to learn the pronunciation of every word as you learn them. | However it is advisable to learn the pronunciation of every word as you learn them. | ||
=Grammar= | |||
==Nouns, gender and number== | |||
Nouns in Aarlaansk can be either '''common''' or '''neuter''': the previously masculine and feminine genders have merged into the common one, whereas the neuter has remained the same. Nouns have got two forms: '''singular''', that indicates one object, person, animal, concept, and so forth, and '''plural''', that indicates more than one object, person, animal, concept, and so on. | |||
Generally the plural is formed with the terminations: | |||
1) ''-s'', if the noun ends with a vowel or ''-l'', ''-n'', ''-r''; | |||
2) ''-e'', if the noun ends with a consonant (except ''-l'', ''-n'', ''-r''). | |||
The substantives that end with ''-f'' or ''-s'' mutate ''f'' into ''v'' and ''s'' into ''z'', ex.: ''zilf'', "wood, forest", has got a plural ''zilve'', "woods, forests"; ''tens'', "time", has got a plural ''tenze'', "times". | |||
Here are some nouns with their gender, their plural and their meaning: | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!'''Singular''' | |||
!'''Plural''' | |||
!'''Gender''' | |||
!'''Meaning''' | |||
|- | |||
|vloer | |||
|vloers | |||
|common | |||
|flower | |||
|- | |||
|luin | |||
|luins | |||
|common | |||
|moon | |||
|- | |||
|lup | |||
|luppe | |||
|common | |||
|wolf | |||
|- | |||
|zoel | |||
|zoels | |||
|common | |||
|sun | |||
|- | |||
|nocht | |||
|nochte | |||
|common | |||
|night | |||
|- | |||
|rikel | |||
|rikels | |||
|neuter | |||
|ear | |||
|- | |||
|koul | |||
|kouls | |||
|common | |||
|horse | |||
|- | |||
|stiel | |||
|stiels | |||
|common | |||
|star | |||
|- | |||
|zilf | |||
|zilve | |||
|common | |||
|wood, forest | |||
|- | |||
|vijl | |||
|vijls | |||
|common | |||
|son | |||
|- | |||
|vijlel | |||
|vijlels | |||
|common | |||
|daughter | |||
|- | |||
|tens | |||
|tenze | |||
|neuter | |||
|time | |||
|- | |||
|zier | |||
|ziers | |||
|common | |||
|lord | |||
|- | |||
|zierel | |||
|zierels | |||
|common | |||
|lady | |||
|- | |||
|masie | |||
|masies | |||
|common | |||
|home, house | |||
|- | |||
|taat | |||
|tate | |||
|common | |||
|father | |||
|- | |||
|mam | |||
|mamme | |||
|common | |||
|mother | |||
|- | |||
|baas | |||
|baze | |||
|neuter | |||
|kiss | |||
|- | |||
|vraat | |||
|vrate | |||
|common | |||
|brother | |||
|- | |||
|zoer | |||
|zoers | |||
|common | |||
|sister | |||
|- | |||
|oor | |||
|oors | |||
|neuter | |||
|gold | |||
|- | |||
|keel | |||
|keels | |||
|common | |||
|sky | |||
|- | |||
|kor | |||
|kors | |||
|neuter | |||
|heart | |||
|- | |||
|ouw | |||
|ouwe | |||
|common | |||
|bird | |||
|- | |||
|mijster | |||
|mijsters | |||
|common | |||
|master, male teacher | |||
|- | |||
|meistrel | |||
|meistrels | |||
|common | |||
|mistress, female teacher | |||
|} | |||
Some nouns show some changes in their structure: | |||
* ''zilf'' > ''zilve''; | |||
* ''baas'' > ''baze''. | |||
This is due to the phonetic rules: in the word ''zilf'', the ''f'' becomes voiced due to its position between a voiced consonant and a vowel, so ''zilf'' becomes ''zilve''. | |||
The last word, ''baas'', shows a change in the written form of the long vowel and at the same time a voicing of the last consonant. | |||