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→‎Adjectives with an irregular superlative
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==Pronouns and kinds of adjectives==
===Personal pronouns===
In Tjoc personal pronouns inflect according the four cases that have been seen for the definite article: ''nominative'', ''accusative'', ''dative'' and ''genitive''.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!colspan="4"|'''1st person'''
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Singular'''
!colspan="2"|'''Plural'''
|-
!'''Nominative'''
!colspan=2|y
!colspan="2"|we
|-
!'''Accusative'''
!colspan="2"|mek
!colspan="2"|ůs
|-
!'''Dative'''
!colspan="2"|me
!colspan="2"|ůs
|-
!'''Genitive'''
!colspan="2"|myn
!colspan="2"|ůr
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!colspan="4"|'''2nd person'''
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Singular'''
!colspan="2"|'''Plural'''
|-
!'''Nominative'''
!colspan="2"|tů
!colspan="2"|je
|-
!'''Accusative'''
!colspan="2"|tek
!colspan="2"|jou
|-
!'''Dative'''
!colspan="2"|te
!colspan="2"|jou
|-
!'''Genitive'''
!colspan="2"|tyn
!colspan="2"|jower
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!colspan="4"|'''3rd person'''
|-
|'''Masculine'''
|'''Feminine'''
|'''Neuter'''
|'''Plural'''
|-
!'''Nominative'''
|'''he'''
|'''hjo'''
|'''het'''
|'''hy'''
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|'''hin'''
|'''hir'''
|'''het'''
|'''hy'''
|-
!'''Dative'''
|'''him'''
|'''hir'''
|'''him'''
|'''hem'''
|-
!'''Genitive'''
|'''his'''
|'''hjos'''
|'''his'''
|'''heras'''
|}
Please note that the dative form of the 2nd person singular, ''te'', is the same as the nominative form of the plural definite article.
In a sentence the pronouns in dative case are positioned before of those in accusative case, so prepositions could be omitted, ex.:
* ''Jef me het'' - Give it to me.
When there are a pronoun and a noun, the pronoun always precedes the noun, ex.:
* ''Jef het tem frjåstre'' - Give it to the lady;
* ''Jef hir se hůnn'' - Give her the dog.
Tjoc has also preserved two ancient 2nd person pronouns which indicate a couple, they are the '''dual pronouns''' ''wit'' and ''jit'', respectively ''we two'' and ''you two''. Even if they are quite old, they are still very used:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan:"2"|'''Case'''
!'''Wit'''
!'''Jit'''
|-
!'''Nominative'''
|wit
|jit
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|unk
|ink
|-
!'''Dative'''
|unk
|ink
|-
!'''Genitive'''
|unker
|inker
|}
Nowadays the difference between ''we'' and ''wit'' and between ''je'' and ''jit'' is fading and is losing its original number distinction: ''wit'' and ''jit'' are more and more used to express a higher grade of intimacy and informality, whereas ''we'' and ''je'' are acquiring a shade of formality and politeness.
It is to be said that in the West zone of Angelkinn also the forms ''ůnk''/''ynk'' and ''ůnker''/''ynker'' are found, probably due to a contamination with the plural pronoun ''we'' (acc. ''ůs''/gen. ''ůr'') and to a generalisation of the long vowel.
===Demonstratives===
Demonstratives are formed with the three place adverbs ''her'' (here, "near to the speaker"), ''ter'' (there, but in Tjoc meaning "near to the listener") and ''jon'' (yon, but in Tjoc meaning "far from both speaker and listener"). These pronouns match perfectly the three persons:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Adverb'''
!'''Demonstrative'''
!'''Meaning'''
|-
!'''1st'''
|''her''
|se / tat ... her
|this one
|-
!'''2nd'''
|''ter''
|se / tat ... ter
|that one (near you)
|-
!'''3rd'''
|''jon''
|se / tat ... jon
|that one (over there)
|}
If a noun is inserted between the definite article and the adverb, the demonstrative functions as an adjective, ex.:
* ''Se her'' - This one (here), but ''Se katt her'' - This cat (here).
As the place adverbs inflect, even the demonstratives "inflect". In fact the place adverbs take three kind of suffix to show if the indicate state, movement towards or movement from a definite place. So it is possible, with verbs denoting movement or state, to indicate this aspect with the demonstrative:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Relation'''
!'''Her'''
!'''Ter'''
!'''Jon'''
|-
!'''State'''
|tem ... her
|tem ... ter
|tem ... jon
|-
!'''Movement from'''
|tem ... hens
|tem ... tens
|tem ... jons
|-
!'''Movement towards'''
|se / tat ... heder
|se / tat ... teder
|se / tat ... jonner
|}
This use of the demonstrative allows us not to use prepositions, ex.:
* ''Y jom tem hůs her'' means "I'm in this house" and there's no need to use the preposition ''i'' (= in);
* ''Y kume tem hůs tens'' means "I come from that house" without using ''af'' (= from);
* ''Y gå tat hůs jonner'' means "I go to that house over there" without using ''to'' (= to).
But it is true that these three sentences show a particularly refined language, colloquially speaking, these sentences become respectively:
* ''Y jom i tem hůs her'';
* ''Y kume af tem hůs ter'';
* ''Y gå to tat hůs jon''.
People tend not to inflect demonstratives (nor place adverbs).
===Possessives===
Possessives are the same when they're used as both adjectives and pronouns and, while possessive adjectives don't need article before, possessive pronouns need it:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|'''y'''
|myn
|myne
|-
|'''tů'''
|tyn
|tyne
|-
|'''he''' / '''het'''
|syn
|syne
|-
|'''hjo'''
|hirs
|hirs
|-
|'''wit'''
|unker
|unkre
|-
|'''jit'''
|inker
|inkre
|-
|'''we'''
|ůr
|ůre
|-
|'''je'''
|jower
|jowre
|-
|'''hy'''
|heras
|heras
|}
Possessives derive from the genitive of the personal pronouns, except for the 3rd masculine and neuter singular. ''Hirs'' and ''heras'' only have a single form for both singular and plural. Here are some examples:
* ''Myn katt > Se myn'' - My cat > Mine;
* ''Tyn hůnn > Se tyn'' - Your dog > Yours;
* ''Syn wyf > Se syn'' - His wife > His;
* ''Hirs mann > Se hirs'' - Her man > Hers;
* ''Ůr djor > Tat ůr'' - Our animal > Ours;
* ''Jower frjond > Se jower'' - Your friend > Yours;
* ''Heras hjort > Tat heras'' - Their heart > Theirs.
Plural forms:
* ''Myne kattes > Te myne'' - My cats > Mine;
* ''Tyne hůnnes > Te tyne'' - Your dogs > Yours;
* ''Syne ƿyen > Te syne'' - His wifes > His;
* ''Hirs menn > Te hirs'' - Her men > Hers;
* ''Ůre djor > Te ůre'' - Our animals > Ours;
* ''Jowre frynd > Te jowre'' - Your friends > Yours;
* ''Heras hjort > Te heras'' - Their hearts > Theirs.
===Relatives and 'interro-exclamatories'===
Interrogative pronouns, which are used also to make exclamations, function also as relatives:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Case'''
!'''Hwå''' (who)
!'''Hwat''' (what)
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|hwå
|hwat
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|hwan
|hwat
|-
|'''Dative'''
|hwam
|hwam
|-
|'''Genitive'''
|hwas
|hwas
|-
|'''Instrumental'''
| -
|hwy
|}
Ex.:
* ''Hwå is he?'' - Who is he?
* ''Hwat an shen hůnn!'' - What a beautiful dog!
* ''Hwas is se bok her?'' - Whose is this book?
* ''Hwam hafstů isagd het?'' - Whom have you said it to?
* ''Se jon is se wyf ƕan y frjowe'' - That there is the woman whom I love.
Instrumental case ''hwy'' corresponds perfectly to English "why" (but also to the English "because"!), ex.:
* ''Hwy haftů iskån se metning ter?'' - Why have you made that painting?
===Indefinites===
Indefinites give us incomplete informations, because they don't define the precise quantity or the identity:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Indefinite'''
!'''Meaning'''
|-
|ålcen
|someone/anyone
|-
|ålcet
|something/anything
|-
|nån
|nobody
|-
|nåt
|nothing
|-
|åwilk
|each
|-
|jall
|all
|-
|oter / o'r
|other
|}
The indefinite ''jall'' and ''oter'' have got also a plural form: ''jallen'' and ''oteren''/''o'ren''.
Indefinites can be formed also with the word ''elles'':
* ''Elles hwå / elshwå'' - Someone else;
* ''Elles hwat / elshwat'' - Something else;
* ''Te elles'' - The others.
In ''elshwå'' and ''elshwat'' <sh> isn't a digraph, so it has to be pronounced as if it were written <s-hw>!
If these indefinites are used as interrogatives, than elles follows the pronouns:
* ''Tjarftů hwat elles?'' - Do you need something else?
* ''Knaut hjo hwan elles?'' - Does she know someone else?


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Llyn
886

edits

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