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Griutungi: Difference between revisions
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→Key Differences Between Griutungi and the Biblical Gothic of Wulfila
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* Several nouns show a difference in gender from their Gothic counterparts. Many of these differences may have occurred during later stages of the language, but some must necessarily have occurred before Gothic, such as retention of the feminine for ‘sun’ – ''sauil'' (n) in Gothic but ''*sōwilō'' (f) in Griutungi. | * Several nouns show a difference in gender from their Gothic counterparts. Many of these differences may have occurred during later stages of the language, but some must necessarily have occurred before Gothic, such as retention of the feminine for ‘sun’ – ''sauil'' (n) in Gothic but ''*sōwilō'' (f) in Griutungi. | ||
* In the Gaulish or Proto-Celtic borrowing ''ambaxtos'' (‘minister, servant’), Gothic shows a reanalysis of the first syllable as ''and-''; compare Gothic ''andbahti'' and Griutungi *''ambahti'' (Valthungian ''ambāte'' ‘bureau’), Gothic ''andbahts'' and Griutungi *''ambahts'' (Valthungian ''ambāts'' ‘officer’), Gothic ''andbahtjan'' and Griutungi *''ambahtjan'' (Valthungian ''ambǣčin'' ‘to administrate’). | * In the Gaulish or Proto-Celtic borrowing ''ambaxtos'' (‘minister, servant’), Gothic shows a reanalysis of the first syllable as ''and-''; compare Gothic ''andbahti'' and Griutungi *''ambahti'' (Valthungian ''ambāte'' ‘bureau’), Gothic ''andbahts'' and Griutungi *''ambahts'' (Valthungian ''ambāts'' ‘officer’), Gothic ''andbahtjan'' and Griutungi *''ambahtjan'' (Valthungian ''ambǣčin'' ‘to administrate’). | ||
===Adjectives=== | |||
* Many adjective endings in Valthungian have been replaced by borrowings from Latin over the course of many centuries, but even before this happened, there was a distinct difference between Griutungi and Wulfilian Gothic in the “-gaz” adjectives. In Gothic, ''-gs'' is preceded by the stem vowel of the noun from which is it derived, i.e. ''-ags'' (e.g. ''manags''), ''-eigs'' (e.g. ''sunjeigs''), and ''-ugs'' (e.g. ''handugs''). Even accounting for later Latin influences, it is likely that Griutungi formed these with an ija-stem rather than an a-stem; i.e. ''-agīs'' (e.g. ''managīs''), ''-igīs'' (''sunīgīs''), and ''-ugīs'' (e.g. ''handugīs''). While the a-stem ending remains in modern [[Valthungian]], it is often further modified by a Latin affix (e.g. Gothic ''audags''/Griutungi ''ǭdagīs'' → Valthungian ''ǭðag'''al'''is''), while the i-stems have been completely replaced by the Latin ''-icus''. | |||
===Adverbs=== | ===Adverbs=== | ||