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Kirtumur verbs: Difference between revisions
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An antipassive is an intransitive construction derived from a transitive one by changing the agent of a transitive verb into an intransitive subject, while the former patient becomes the [[w:Adjunct (grammar)|adjunct]]. Unlike middle verbs, an antipassive verb must contain the adjunct and it can never be dropped: ''hakhathō'' "I stop you" (lit: I stop to/by you") from ''khathō'' "I stop you". Antipassive is rarely used on its own, it usually emphasises contrast or focuses on the intransitive subject of a sentence. | An antipassive is an intransitive construction derived from a transitive one by changing the agent of a transitive verb into an intransitive subject, while the former patient becomes the [[w:Adjunct (grammar)|adjunct]]. Unlike middle verbs, an antipassive verb must contain the adjunct and it can never be dropped: ''hakhathō'' "I stop you" (lit: I stop to/by you") from ''khathō'' "I stop you". Antipassive is rarely used on its own, it usually emphasises contrast or focuses on the intransitive subject of a sentence. | ||
In Erepursal it is common to use antipassive of transitive verbs if both participants of an action are inanimate, for example: ''hestaun nōex | In Erepursal it is common to use antipassive of transitive verbs if both participants of an action are inanimate, for example: ''hestaun nōex šakykatē'' "the hammer cracked a stone". Umunesal simply uses active voice instead: ''khilkilem nō ekukatē''. Erepursal also uses passive voice in that case, when a speaker wants to emphasise a more salient participant instead: ''hestaunex nō našakykōt'' (lit: "the stone was cracked by a hammer"). Umunesal usually does not use an equivalent construction. | ||
====Passive==== | ====Passive==== | ||