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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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(introduction TBA) | (introduction TBA) | ||
'''ep''' ''+ genitive case'' "on"; ''+ accusative case'' "onto". Also used for islands and riverside areas (see first example): | '''ep''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "on"; ''+ accusative case'' "onto". Also used for islands and riverside areas (see first example): | ||
* ''So hars Muskuy '''ep''' | * ''So hars Muskuy '''ep''' tási hafní Muskuy esti.'' "The city of Moscow is on the Moscow river." | ||
* ''So syorón '''ep''' | * ''So syorón '''ep''' tási selái syúpeti.'' – The cat is sleeping on the table. | ||
* ''Góhará ng Kawádi '''ep''' Kufrom wakánsom etinemit séti.'' "Góhará and Kawádi have gone to Cyprus on holiday." | * ''Góhará ng Kawádi '''ep''' Kufrom wakánsom etinemit séti.'' "Góhará and Kawádi have gone to Cyprus on holiday." | ||
'''for''' ''+ | '''for''' ''+ dative case'': "for", "in favour of" | ||
* '''''For''' | * '''''For''' tew pótt alúhha.'' – I cooked dinner for you. | ||
* ''Husein '''for''' | * ''Husein '''for''' tási heldúbatí mulúcam lefit e.'' – Husein voted for (in favour of) the proposal. | ||
'''hó''' ''+ | '''hó''' ''+ accusative case'': "from" | ||
* ''So tulay nyam enseytorm '''hó''' | * ''So tulay nyam enseytorm '''hó''' tom ongim hewi bereti.'' – The boy is bringing a jar from the kitchen. | ||
* '''''Hó''' | * '''''Hó''' Dárom Hayám frádagi syari benggim.'' – I'm coming back from Armenia tomorrow. | ||
'''lá''' ''+ accusative case'': marks an inanimate (or non-human neuter) ergative: | '''lá''' ''+ accusative case'': marks an inanimate (or non-human neuter) ergative: | ||
* '''''Lá''' tom námirom mek polté kenitastasy ámóht eberaha.'' "The book taught me many new things." | * '''''Lá''' tom námirom mek polté kenitastasy ámóht eberaha.'' "The book taught me many new things." | ||
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'''lémí''' ''+ dative case'': "in the presence of" | '''lémí''' ''+ dative case'': "in the presence of" | ||
* ''Tenúi hisési námirí '''lémí''' tasyé syárlúkétí sahwon amulúmát.'' "We had a talk about this book in the presence of the author." | * ''Tenúi hisési námirí '''lémí''' tasyé syárlúkétí sahwon amulúmát.'' "We had a talk about this book in the presence of the author." | ||
'''li''' ''+ genitive case'': "behind" (state), "after" (in time); ''+ accusative case'' "behind" (motion) | '''li''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'': "behind" (state), "after" (in time); ''+ accusative case'' "behind" (motion) | ||
* ''Hin syorón '''li''' | * ''Hin syorón '''li''' tasyé pardehí esti.'' "That cat is behind the curtain." | ||
* '''''Li''' | * '''''Li''' tási tórwétí sá serwáná eyesa.'' "After the storm came the calm." | ||
* ''Bé '''li''' at larun ng mém espéti lelú.'' "Go behind the tree and wait for me." | * ''Bé '''li''' at larun ng mém espéti lelú.'' "Go behind the tree and wait for me." | ||
'''marw''' ''+ | '''marw''' ''+ accusative case'': "as", "like", "being a(n)"; also used for languages (see third example) | ||
* ''Nye syanangé '''marw''' | * ''Nye syanangé '''marw''' nyam tákom esti.'' – a popular saying; (lit.) "A friend is like a jewel." | ||
* '''''Marw''' | * '''''Marw''' méliwútátam, histam lalimam mé sirémi.'' – Being an atheist, I do not like this wording. | ||
* ''Parwáná mehwesi '''marw''' | * ''Parwáná mehwesi '''marw''' faransótátam mulúti, wate '''marw''' inggrízyátam.'' – Parwáná speaks good French, [but] bad English. | ||
'''mey''' ''+ genitive case'' "in", "inside of" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "to", "in", "inside of" (motion) | '''mey''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "in", "inside of" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "to", "in", "inside of" (motion) | ||
* ''Sunuté minso nung '''mey''' | * ''Sunuté minso nung '''mey''' tási lewírní esti.'' – My son is at (in the) school now. | ||
* ''Duhaté minsá nung '''mey''' at | * ''Duhaté minsá nung '''mey''' at lewírné benti.'' – My daughter is going to school now. | ||
'''midi''' ''+ genitive case'' "between", "among" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "between", "among" (motion) | '''midi''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "between", "among" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "between", "among" (motion) | ||
* ''Midihafnené sá dejá '''midi''' lúsy hafnenám esti.'' – Mesopotamia is the land between two rivers. | * ''Midihafnené sá dejá '''midi''' lúsy hafnenám esti.'' – Mesopotamia is the land between two rivers. | ||
* '''''Midi''' tás bóás benáti.'' – They walk between the cows and bulls. | * '''''Midi''' tás bóás benáti.'' – They walk between the cows and bulls. | ||
'''nil''' ''+ genitive case'' "at" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "to", "at" (motion) | '''nil''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "at" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "to", "at" (motion) | ||
* ''Iréné siréti ene merpehi '''nil''' | * ''Iréné siréti ene merpehi '''nil''' tási gulestái panesti.'' – "Iréné likes to spend the morning in the park." | ||
* ''Nung '''nil''' tom bázárom benámi.'' – I'm going to the market now. | * ''Nung '''nil''' tom bázárom benámi.'' – I'm going to the market now. | ||
'''peli''' ''+ genitive case'' "under" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "under", "below" (motion) | '''peli''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "under" (state); ''+ accusative case'' "under", "below" (motion) | ||
* ''So syorón '''peli''' | * ''So syorón '''peli''' tási selái syúpeti.'' – The cat is sleeping under the table. | ||
* ''So mús '''peli''' at selán gacewam eynemeti.'' – The mouse flees under the table. | * ''So mús '''peli''' at selán gacewam eynemeti.'' – The mouse flees under the table. | ||
'''pire''' ''+ genitive case'' "in front of" (state), "before" (in time); ''+ accusative case'' "in front of" (motion) | '''pire''' ''+ dative sg./genitive pl. case'' "in front of" (state), "before" (in time); ''+ accusative case'' "in front of" (motion) | ||
* ''Lámá minsá '''pire''' | * ''Lámá minsá '''pire''' tasyé hettehí esti.'' – My house is in front of the church. | ||
* ''Mé gyalhe at jahán '''pire''' | * ''Mé gyalhe at jahán '''pire''' ontarendórí.'' – I don't know [how] the world [was] before the Internet. | ||
* ''So sów '''pire''' tám hettam benti.'' – The priest is walking [up to] in front of the church. | * ''So sów '''pire''' tám hettam benti.'' – The priest is walking [up to] in front of the church. | ||
'''sya''' ''+ dative case'': "with" | '''sya''' ''+ dative case'': "with" | ||
* ''Helbenámi '''sya''' tasyé piwehí!'' – "I'll come with beer!" | * ''Helbenámi '''sya''' tasyé piwehí!'' – "I'll come with beer!" | ||
* ''So helbart lámiyétam '''sya''' tós angurnyétuwi abóniya.'' – "The child built a little house with the toy bricks." | * ''So helbart lámiyétam '''sya''' tós angurnyétuwi abóniya.'' – "The child built a little house with the toy bricks." | ||
'''tenúe''' ''+ dative | '''tenúe''' ''+ dative case'': "because of" | ||
* ''Mánt mé elersyaha '''tenúe''' tasyé líssyehí.'' | * ''Mánt mé elersyaha '''tenúe''' tasyé líssyehí.'' "I could not see anything because of the rain." | ||
'''tenúi''' ''+ dative case'': "concerning, about" | '''tenúi''' ''+ dative case'': "concerning, about" | ||
* ''Syihámrey '''tenúi''' tós taruwi lífasyóstós syaismánsyóstós mulúgimát.'' "Today we will talk about contemporary Lifashian literature." | * ''Syihámrey '''tenúi''' tós taruwi lífasyóstós syaismánsyóstós mulúgimát.'' "Today we will talk about contemporary Lifashian literature." | ||