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| If the syllable border is between vowels and they don't form a diphthong, apostrophe is used: ''tai'' vs. ''ta'i'' | | If the syllable border is between vowels and they don't form a diphthong, apostrophe is used: ''tai'' vs. ''ta'i'' |
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| ===Sounds===
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| ====Vowel form====
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| There are five ways of sound altering which may be used for grammatical purposes (mainly number, genitive case and imperfective aspect)
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| *Lengthening: ''paata'' /pä:tä/, ''péete'' /pɛ:te/-/pɛe̯te/, ''póote'' /pɔ:te/
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| **Not used word-finally.
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| *Lateral (release): ''plo'' /pˡə/, ''tla'' /tˡä/
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| **Western dialects keep the tongue on the alveolar ridge during vowel pronunciation so that the vowels have a distinct l-sound. Historically, this may have lead to the syllabic l.
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| *Aspiration/breathy voice: ''pho'' /pʰə/~/ɸə/, ''bho'' /bʱə/~/βə/, ''tha'' /tʰä/~/θä/, ''dha'' /dʱä/~/ðɑ/.
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| **In casual register, aspirated plosives of unstressed syllables turn into the corresponding fricatives as shown above.
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| *Nasalization: ''on'' /ə̃~ɘ̃/ (compare ''oń'' /ən/) when ''n'' in [[Sceptrian#Phonotactics|coda]]
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| **Close vowels (u, o, ó and i) are always nasalized between two nasals and all vowels after short ng: ''mónge'' /mɔ̃ŋẽ/, but nasalization does not occur with open vowels and long ńg: ''nańge'' /näŋ:e/.
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| *Rhotacization: ''or'' /ɚ/, ''ar'' /ä˞/ (compare ''oŕ'' /ər/~/r/ and ''aŕ'' /är/)
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| **Nasalization does not occur simultaneously with rhoticization, except in Faanish dialect (near the border of Negovia): ''karon'' → ''karn'' /kæ̃˞/
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| ====Consonant form====
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| Combining sounds
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| *Lateralization
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| **''s'' and ''z'' turn into ''sl'' and ''zh'' respectively
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| **''f'' & ''v'' → ''fl'' & ''w''
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| **''l'' & ''r'' are geminated
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| **''m'' & ''n'' → ''ng'' and ''ng'' → ''ńg''
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| * Aspiration
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| **''s'' and ''z'' turn into ''sh'' and ''zh''
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| **''f'' & ''v'' are geminated
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| **''l'' & ''r'' → ''lh'' and ''rh''
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| * Voicing and aspiration
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| **''r'' → ''qh'', ''l'' → ''ldh'', ''v'' → ''w''
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| ====Apophony====
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| Apophony is used for example to express adjective gender and to create different verb forms.
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| '''Full'''
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| *First:
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| **e→é, o→ø, a→æ, u→i
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| **ai→ei, ou→oi
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| *Second:
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| **e→ee, o→ó, a→aa, u→uu
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| **ai→ii, ou→óo
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| '''Partial'''
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| *When root contains vowels ''é, ó, i, æ'' or diphthongs ''ei, oi'', the apophony is only partial: ''luwidh, luwidh, luwuudh''
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| *With ''ø'' and long vowels, all forms are usually the same. Formal register uses ''ée'' as the second apophony of ''ee''.
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| ===Phonotactics=== | | ===Phonotactics=== |