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Anbirese has split-ergativity: past tense verbs display ergative alignment, and non-past tense verbs have accusative alignment. | Anbirese has split-ergativity: past tense verbs display ergative alignment, and non-past tense verbs have accusative alignment. | ||
That is, the subject is marked with the preposition ''u'' for transitive verbs, and is unmarked for intransitive verbs. In the case of transitive verbs, the ergative marking occurs regardless of whether or not there is a direct object. | That is, the subject is marked with the preposition ''u'' for transitive verbs, and is unmarked for intransitive verbs. In the case of transitive verbs, the ergative marking occurs regardless of whether or not there is a direct object. When a direct object is present, the word order becomes VOS. | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
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{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
'''Transitive verbs''' | '''Transitive verbs''' | ||
:''Chabin ''' | :''Chabin '''una'''.'' | ||
:eat.PRET | :eat.PRET from-1SG | ||
:'I have eaten.' | :'I have eaten.' | ||
:''Chabin ''' | :''Chabin lagar '''una'''.'' | ||
:eat.PRET | :eat.PRET from-1SG DEF soup | ||
:'I have eaten the | :'I have eaten the soup' | ||
:''A tjéobrjeong ''' | :''A tjéobrjeong n keolsjang '''una ''' cha.'' | ||
:but leave.PRET ERG 1SG DEF glh_schanng there | :but leave.PRET ERG 1SG DEF glh_schanng there | ||
:'But I left the ''glh schanng'' (kefir-soaked Bjeheondian salad) there.' | :'But I left the ''glh schanng'' (kefir-soaked Bjeheondian salad) there.' | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
'''Intransitive verbs''' | '''Intransitive verbs''' | ||
:''Eoseong eo | :''Eoseong eo maran.'' | ||
:die.PRET DEF tree/PL | :die.PRET DEF tree/PL | ||
:'The trees died.' | :'The trees died.' | ||
:''Farjeogin meo | :''Farjeogin meo noγeol chaltan.'' | ||
:return.PRET 1PL.EXC.POSS dog/PL at_last | :return.PRET 1PL.EXC.POSS dog/PL at_last | ||
:'Our dogs finally returned.' | :'Our dogs finally returned.' | ||