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→Noun classes
(→Negative and interrogative: Fixed obsolete noun derivation) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| mï-; - || yï- || ye- || ya- || ya- || mï- || mï- || Humans*, kinship terms, personification*, animate* | | mï-/ïm-<sup>3</sup>; - || yï- || ye- || ya- || ya- || mï- || mï- || Humans*, kinship terms, personification*, animate* | ||
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! 2 | ! 2 | ||
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! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| mï- || wï- || wo- || wa- || colspan="2" | wu- || mï- || Plants (and derivatives)*, natural phenomena, <!--elongated objects, active things, motion, -->non-paired body parts, various* | | mï-/ïm-<sup>3</sup> || wï- || wo- || wa- || colspan="2" | wu- || mï- || Plants (and derivatives)*, natural phenomena, <!--elongated objects, active things, motion, -->non-paired body parts, various* | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
| mï- || jï- || jo- || ja- || colspan="2" | ji- || mï- || Plural of class 3 | | mï-/ïm-<sup>3</sup>; ïm-<sup>3</sup> || jï- || jo- || ja- || colspan="2" | ji- || mï- || Plural of class 3 | ||
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! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| zï-; - || lï- || lo- || la- || colspan="2" | li- || zï- || Augmentatives*, amelioratives*, paired body parts, natural phenomena, expanses, individual things found in groups, various* | | zï-/ïz-<sup>3</sup>; - || lï- || lo- || la- || colspan="2" | li- || zï- || Augmentatives*, amelioratives*, paired body parts, natural phenomena, expanses, individual things found in groups, various* | ||
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! 6 | ! 6 | ||
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! 7 | ! 7 | ||
| jï- || shï- || sho- || sha- || colspan="2" | shi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives*, languages*, resemblance, amelioratives*, derogatives*, disabilities/diseases, various* | | jï-/ïj-<sup>3</sup> || shï- || sho- || sha- || colspan="2" | shi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives*, languages*, resemblance, amelioratives*, derogatives*, disabilities/diseases, various* | ||
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! 8 | ! 8 | ||
| vï- || vï- || vo- || va- || colspan="2" | vi- || vï- || Plural of class 7 | | vï-/ïv-<sup>3</sup> || vï- || vo- || va- || colspan="2" | vi- || vï- || Plural of class 7 | ||
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! 9 | ! 9 | ||
| ⁿ-; -<small><sup> | | ⁿ-; -<small><sup>4</sup></small> || yï- || yo- || ya- || colspan="2" | yi- || ⁿ- || Animals, inanimate, loanwords*, various* | ||
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! 10 | ! 10 | ||
| ⁿ-; -<small><sup> | | ⁿ-; -<small><sup>4</sup></small> || ĵï- || ĵo- || ĵa- || colspan="2" | ĵi- || ⁿ- || Plural of classes 9 & 11 | ||
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! 11 | ! 11 | ||
| lï- || lï- || lo- || lwa- || colspan="2" | lu- || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture*, localized mass nouns, long or broad objects | | lï-/ïl-<sup>3</sup> || lï- || lo- || lwa- || colspan="2" | lu- || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture*, localized mass nouns, long or broad objects | ||
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! 12 | ! 12 | ||
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! 13 | ! 13 | ||
| dï- || dï- || do- || dwa- || colspan="2" | du- || dï- || Plural of class 12 | | dï-/ïd-<sup>3</sup> || dï- || do- || dwa- || colspan="2" | du- || dï- || Plural of class 12 | ||
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! 14 | ! 14 | ||
| wï- | | wï-/ïw-<small><sup>3</sup></small> || wï- || wo- || wa- || colspan="2" | wu- || wï- || Abstract*, countries/lands*, location terms* | ||
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! 15 | ! 15 | ||
| g(w/ï)-<small><sup>5</sup></small> || g(w/ï)- || go- || gwa- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || Infinitives & verbal nouns* | | g(w/ï)-<small><sup>5</sup></small>/ïg-<sup>3</sup> || g(w/ï)- || go- || gwa- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || Infinitives & verbal nouns* | ||
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! 16 | ! 16 | ||
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! 17 | ! 17 | ||
| g(w/ï)- || g(w/ï)- || go- || gwa- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || Nonspecific/approximate location*, direction/destination*, recepient*, "for/to"*, "to the benefit of"*, plural of class 16 | | g(w/ï)-/ïg-<sup>3</sup> || g(w/ï)- || go- || gwa- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || Nonspecific/approximate location*, direction/destination*, recepient*, "for/to"*, "to the benefit of"*, plural of class 16 | ||
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! 18 | ! 18 | ||
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<small><sup>2</sup></small> Productive meanings are marked with an asterisk. | <small><sup>2</sup></small> Productive meanings are marked with an asterisk. | ||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> | <small><sup>3</sup></small> Class prefixes of the form Cï- are metathesized to ''ïC-'' before stems beginning in ''C-'' (where ''C'' refers to the consonant in the prefix). Note that for the purposes of this metathesis, labialized velars are treated as their plain counterparts and vice versa - i.e. metathesis of the class 15 and 17 prefixes occurs whether the stem begins in ''g-'' or ''gw-'', and in both cases the stem consonant merges with the stem-initial consonant. | ||
<small><sup>4</sup></small> | <small><sup>4</sup></small> ⁿ- = initial fortition<!--. The initial consonant of class 9 & 10 nouns/adjectives is geminated when a prefix ending in a weak vowel is added.--> | ||
<small><sup>5</sup></small> (w/ï) = -w- added before vowels | <small><sup>5</sup></small> (w/ï) = -w- added before vowels | ||