Hantza/Verbs: Difference between revisions

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==Personal marking==
==Verb template==
Hantza verbs obey a position class template; their affixes are added to the stem in a specific order. The table below illustrates this template.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="3" |Person prefixes
! colspan="3" |Other prefixes
! colspan="1" |Stem
! colspan="2" |Suffixes
|-
| <small>object</small>
| <small>direct object</small>
| <small>indirect object</small>
| <small>category I</small>
| <small>category II</small>
| <small>category III</small>
| <small>copula</small>
| <small>stem</small>
| <small>evidentiality</small>
| <small>negative</small>
|}
 
Despite the large number of slots, it is impossible for all of these slots to be occupied by a single conjugated verb and highly unusual for only one to be left vacant.
 
==Person marking==
Verbs in Hantza have polypersonal agreement:
Verbs in Hantza have polypersonal agreement:
* First person singular
* First person singular
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==Mode==
==Mode==
Grammatical tense is not a significant category in Hantza verbs (though there is an overt morphological future/non-future distinction). Verbs are instead aspect and mood heavy. This conflation of tense, aspect and mood is termed "mode" in Hantza; there are thirteen such modes.
Grammatical tense is not a significant category in Hantza verbs (though there is an overt morphological future/non-future distinction). Verbs are instead aspect and mood heavy. This conflation of tense, aspect and mood is termed "mode" in Hantza; there are thirteen such modes. These are divided into three categories. Categories I and II can co-occur with one another but category III prefixes cannot occur with any other mode prefixes. Category I prefixes denote "primary aspect", category II "secondary aspect" and category III "deontic".
Category I - primary aspect:
* Imperfective (unmarked)
* Imperfective (unmarked)
* Iterative
* Iterative
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* Retrospective
* Retrospective
* Future
* Future
Category II - secondary aspect:
* Inchoative
* Inchoative
* Cessative
* Cessative
* Irrealis
* Irrealis
Category III - deontic:
* Optative
* Optative
* Cohortative
* Cohortative

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