Hantza/Verbs: Difference between revisions

Grammatical tense is not a significant category in Hantza verbs (though there is an overt morphological future/non-future distinction). Verbs are instead aspect and mood heavy. This conflation of tense, aspect and mood is termed "mode" in Hantza; there are thirteen such modes. These are divided into three categories. Categories I and II can co-occur with one another but category III prefixes cannot occur with any other mode prefixes and all person marking is optional. Category I prefixes denote "primary aspect", category II "secondary aspect" and category III "deontic". The first prefix  provided below is used preconsonantly, the second prevocalically

* Imperfective: unmarked

* Iterative: ''-nini-'', ''-nin-''

* Delimitative: reduplication of following syllable

* Perfective: ''-la-'', ''-l-''

* Retrospective: ''-of-'', ''-of-''

* Future: ''-ti-''', ''-ty-''

* Inchoative: ''-ki-'', ''-ky-''

* Cessative: ''-ò-'', ''-ok-''

* Irrealis: ''-tu-'', ''-tw-''

* Optative: ''-ngo-'', ''-ng-''

* Cohortative: ''-mi-'', ''-miy-''

* Imperative: unmarked

* Jussive: ''-bè-'', ''-bek-''