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'''Irbel''' /iɹ.vʲeʎ/ is an ''a priori'' language isolate spoken in one of the Western Kingdoms of eastern Sword of Vortex. | '''Irbel''' /iɹ.vʲeʎ/ is an ''a priori'' language isolate spoken in one of the Western Kingdoms of eastern Sword of Vortex. | ||
==Phonology== | |||
cıuq /cʉkɘ/, ciu /cihu/, cead /cäkɪ/, cėa /cehɑ/ | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
! | |||
! Bilabial | |||
! Labio-dental | |||
! Alveolar | |||
! Post-alveolar | |||
! Palatal | |||
! Velar | |||
! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| ɲ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p | |||
| | |||
| t | |||
| | |||
| c | |||
| k | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| | |||
| f v | |||
| s | |||
| ʒ | |||
| ɕ ç | |||
| x | |||
| h | |||
|- | |||
! Approximant | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɹ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Trill | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Lateral approximant | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|l | |||
| | |||
|ʎ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
Affricates: /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ | |||
Coarticulated consonants: /w/, /ɥ/ and /ɧ/ | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
====Monophthongs==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
! | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i | |||
| ʉ | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
! Near-close | |||
| ɪ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| e ø | |||
| ɘ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Mid | |||
| | |||
|ə | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
|æ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| | |||
| ä | |||
| ɑ | |||
|} | |||
====Diphthongs==== | |||
Graphemes ''y'' and ''w'' in coda are used to form diphthongs ''ay'' /äɪ̯/, ''ey'' /ei̯/ and ''aw'' /ɑʊ̯/ which occur both word-finally and before consonants. Between vowels, they form long semi-vowels /j:/ and /w:/. | |||
==Orthography== | |||
The language is written with a modified Westlang (Latin) alphabet script. Notable is the phonemic palatalization which naturally occurs in consonants before front vowels /e/ and /i/. Attempts to express this have accumulated into a complex system. | |||
*Palatalizing front vowels: ''ı'' used with ''u'', and ''e'' with ''a''. | |||
*Pronounced front vowels: ''i'' and ''ė'' | |||
Word-final version are included after / if different, and /* means that the grapheme isn't used word-finally. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+Consonant pairs | |||
|- | |||
!Grapheme | |||
!Plain | |||
!Palatalized | |||
|- | |||
|p | |||
|p/pʰ | |||
|pʲ | |||
|- | |||
|b | |||
|v/f | |||
|vʲ/fʲ | |||
|- | |||
|n | |||
|n | |||
|ɲ | |||
|- | |||
|t | |||
|t/tʰ | |||
|t͡ɕ | |||
|- | |||
|s | |||
|s | |||
|ɕ | |||
|- | |||
|r | |||
|r | |||
|ɹ | |||
|- | |||
|l | |||
|l | |||
|lʲ/ʎ | |||
|- | |||
|x | |||
|x | |||
|ç | |||
|- | |||
|c | |||
|k/x | |||
|c/ç | |||
|- | |||
|g | |||
|ks | |||
|ɧ | |||
|- | |||
|j | |||
|j/ʒ | |||
|d͡ʑ | |||
|- | |||
|v/* | |||
|w | |||
|ɥ | |||
|} | |||
*Word-initial ''w'' before a vowel is realized as /əw/ and word-initial ''y'' as /əj/. In coda, ''w'' is only after ''a'' and ''y'' only after ''a'' and ''e''. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+Ligatures | |||
|- | |||
!Grapheme | |||
!Phoneme | |||
!Notes | |||
|- | |||
|q | |||
|kɘ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|d | |||
|kɪ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|f | |||
|ç | |||
|After a | |||
|- | |||
|k | |||
|ç | |||
|After u | |||
|- | |||
|m | |||
|n: | |||
|Between vowels | |||
|- | |||
|w | |||
|w: | |||
|Between vowels | |||
|- | |||
|y | |||
|j: | |||
|Between vowels | |||
|} | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+Digraphs | |||
|- | |||
!Grapheme | |||
!Phoneme | |||
!Notes | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan="2"|cı | |||
|c | |||
|Before ''u'' | |||
|- | |||
|cʰ | |||
|After ''u'', ''e'' and ''i'' | |||
|- | |||
|ce | |||
|c | |||
|Before ''a'' | |||
|- | |||
|oc | |||
|kʰ | |||
|Word-finally | |||
|- | |||
|ot | |||
|tʰ | |||
|After ''e'' and ''i'' | |||
|- | |||
|aw | |||
|ɑʊ̯ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|ay | |||
|äɪ̯ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|ey | |||
|ei̯ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|eu | |||
|ø | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|ia | |||
|æ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
''cıuq'' /cʉkɘ/, ''ciu'' /cihu/, ''cead'' /cäkɪ/, ''cėa'' /cehɑ/ |
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