8,624
edits
Lifashian: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Present
m (→Phonology) |
m (→Present) |
||
| Line 1,065: | Line 1,065: | ||
* class V (reduplicated thematic), similar to class II but with a reduplicated initial, e.g. ''si-syej-ámi'' "I hold", ''si-ll-ámi'' "I sit"<ref>From PIE *sísd-oh₂-mi; the synchronic root is ''sel-'', as shown in derivations such as ''selt'' "seat", ''syaselman'' "council", ''farseléc'' "president" (the latter two calqued from Greek).</ref>. | * class V (reduplicated thematic), similar to class II but with a reduplicated initial, e.g. ''si-syej-ámi'' "I hold", ''si-ll-ámi'' "I sit"<ref>From PIE *sísd-oh₂-mi; the synchronic root is ''sel-'', as shown in derivations such as ''selt'' "seat", ''syaselman'' "council", ''farseléc'' "president" (the latter two calqued from Greek).</ref>. | ||
* class VI (-númi verbs), adding ''-nú-'' in the singular or ''-nu-'' in the plural to the root. In Lifashian they were more commonly generalized than in other IE languages. Examples include ''istá-nú-mi'' "I raise", ''tarf-nú-mi'' "I turn", ''di-nú-mi'' "I feed, nurture, nourish", ''lor-nú-mi'' "I dream". | * class VI (-númi verbs), adding ''-nú-'' in the singular or ''-nu-'' in the plural to the root. In Lifashian they were more commonly generalized than in other IE languages. Examples include ''istá-nú-mi'' "I raise", ''tarf-nú-mi'' "I turn", ''di-nú-mi'' "I feed, nurture, nourish", ''lor-nú-mi'' "I dream". | ||
* class VII (-émi), the most regular formation, adds ''-é-'' to the root. An original primary formation (PIE *-é-ye-) is the second most common class, including common verbs such as e.g. ''pur-é-mi'' "I do, make", ''syál-é-mi'' "I fall", ''gil-é-mi'' "I see", ''far-é-mi'' "I tempt, allure, entice" | * class VII (-émi), the most regular formation, adds ''-é-'' to the root. An original primary formation (PIE *-é-ye-), it is the second most common class, including common verbs such as e.g. ''pur-é-mi'' "I do, make", ''syál-é-mi'' "I fall", ''gil-é-mi'' "I see", ''far-é-mi'' "I tempt, allure, entice", ''syúˤd-é-mi'' (< *swe-dʰh₁-éye-mi) "I practice, do" | ||
* class VIII (-iyámi), a regular formation that adds ''-iy-'' to the root, from secondary PIE *-eye-. It includes many common verbs, and was analogically extended to form the past ''-iyam'' class, a Lifashian innovation. Class VII verbs include e.g. native ''pít-iy-ámi'' "I count, reckon" as well as various verbs formed from borrowed nominals such as ''bón-iy-ámi'' "I build", ''cóc-iy-ámi'' "I cradle", ''salát-iy-ámi'' "I pray". | * class VIII (-iyámi), a regular formation that adds ''-iy-'' to the root, from secondary PIE *-eye-. It includes many common verbs, and was analogically extended to form the past ''-iyam'' class, a Lifashian innovation. Class VII verbs include e.g. native ''pít-iy-ámi'' "I count, reckon" as well as various verbs formed from borrowed nominals such as ''bón-iy-ámi'' "I build", ''cóc-iy-ámi'' "I cradle", ''salát-iy-ámi'' "I pray". | ||