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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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As for placenames: | As for placenames: | ||
* All names of countries and territories require the definite article, except for those constructed as ''Dár + genitive of an ethnonym''<ref> | * All names of countries and territories require the definite article, except for those constructed as ''Dár + genitive of an ethnonym''<ref>Four countries: ''Dár Lífasyám'', ''Dár Pársyám'' (Iran), ''Dár Turkám'' (Turkey), and ''Dár Yúniyám'' (Greece).</ref>, or Persianized placenames ending in ''-(V)stán'', or its native Lifashian equivalent ''-húst'', which are never accompanied by articles.<br/>Originally collective (fifth declension) toponyms do not use articles in the standard, but they are sometimes used in more colloquial registers, e.g. ''(at) Midihafnené'' (Mesopotamia), ''(at) Selné Syené'' (Côte d'Ivoire). | ||
* Cities do not require an article unless it is part of their name, except when using adjectives. Placenames which are pluralia tantum, especially of Greek origin, generally always require an article (e.g. ''tás Afénehes'' "Athens", ''tás Sirákusehes'' "Syracuse").<br/>Non-nativized foreign placenames which include an article do not substitute it with the Lifashian one, see e.g. ''u-Portu'' "Porto", ''Andóra-la-Welyá'' "Andorra la Vella", ''l-Ákwilá'' "L'Aquila", but cf. nativized ''sá Ispézá'' "La Spezia". Most Arabic placenames, however, are nativized without the article, e.g. ''Káhirá'' "Cairo". | * Cities do not require an article unless it is part of their name, except when using adjectives. Placenames which are pluralia tantum, especially of Greek origin, generally always require an article (e.g. ''tás Afénehes'' "Athens", ''tás Sirákusehes'' "Syracuse").<br/>Non-nativized foreign placenames which include an article do not substitute it with the Lifashian one, see e.g. ''u-Portu'' "Porto", ''Andóra-la-Welyá'' "Andorra la Vella", ''l-Ákwilá'' "L'Aquila", but cf. nativized ''sá Ispézá'' "La Spezia". Most Arabic placenames, however, are nativized without the article, e.g. ''Káhirá'' "Cairo". | ||
* Hydronyms always use articles, e.g. ''so Úruti'' (Euphrates). | * Hydronyms always use articles, e.g. ''so Úruti'' (Euphrates). | ||