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!width=50| Rom | !width=50| Rom | ||
!width=50| IPA | !width=50| IPA | ||
!width= | !width=600 style="text-align: left;"| Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a | | '''a''' | ||
| | | ɑ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈a〉 in English ''father''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ae | | '''ae''' | ||
| | | aj | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈i〉 in English ''wine''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ai | | '''ai''' | ||
| | | aj | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈i〉 in English ''wine''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ao | | '''ao''' | ||
| | | aw | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ow〉 in English ''house''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| à | | '''à''' | ||
| | | æ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈a〉 in English ''bat''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''b''' | |||
| b | | b | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈b〉 in English ''bot''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| bb | | '''bb''' | ||
| | | bv | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈bv〉 in English ''obvious''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bh | | '''bh''' | ||
| | | v | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈v〉 in English ''very''. Identical to 〈v〉, but from an earlier /bʰ/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''d''' | |||
| d | | d | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈d〉 in English ''day''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| dd | | '''dd''' | ||
| | | dz | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈dz〉 in English ''adze''. Identical to 〈tz〉, but from an earlier /dd/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dh | | '''dh''' | ||
| | | ð | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈th〉 in English ''this''. (Never as in ''thin''.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dl | | '''dl''' | ||
| | | dɮ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an English sound. Identical to 〈dlh〉, but from an earlier /dl/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dlh | | '''dlh''' | ||
| | | dɮ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an English sound. The sound of 〈d〉 followed immediately by 〈lh〉. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dzh | | '''dzh''' | ||
| | | dʒ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈j〉 in English ''joke''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''e''' | |||
| e | | e | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈e〉 in Spanish ''vero''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ei | | '''ei''' | ||
| | | ej | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ay〉 in English ''day''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| eu | | '''eu''' | ||
| | | ew | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like the 〈e〉 in ''egg'' followed immediately by 〈w〉. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| è | | '''è''' | ||
| | | ɛ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈e〉 in English ''bet''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''f''' | |||
| f | | f | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈f〉 in English ''foot''. Identical to 〈ph〉. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| g | | '''g''' | ||
| | | ɡ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈g〉 in English ''get''. (Never as in ''gel''.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gg | | '''gg''' | ||
| | | ɡʒ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| A little like 〈gg〉 in English ''suggest''. A 〈g〉 followed by a 〈zh〉 (see). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''h''' | |||
| h | | h | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈h〉 in English ''have''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''i''' | |||
| i | | i | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈i〉 in English ''machine''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ie | | '''ie''' | ||
| | | jɛ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ye〉 in English ''yet''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| iu | | '''iu''' | ||
| | | ju | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈you〉 in English ''you''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ì | | '''ì''' | ||
| | | ɪ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈i〉 in English ''bit''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''k''' | |||
| k | | k | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈k〉 in English ''keep''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| kh | | '''kh''' | ||
| | | kʃ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ct〉 in English ''action''. Identical to 〈kk〉, but from earlier /kʰ/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kk | | '''kk''' | ||
| | | kʃ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ct〉 in English ''action''. Identical to 〈kh〉, but from earlier /kk/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''l''' | |||
| l | | l | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈l〉 in English ''laugh''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| lh | | '''lh''' | ||
| | | ɬ~ɮ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an English sound. Like 〈ll〉 in Welsh ''llygoden'', but usually voiced. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''m''' | |||
| m | | m | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈m〉 in English ''man''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''n''' | |||
| n | | n | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈n〉 in English ''no''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ng | | '''ng''' | ||
| | | ŋ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ng〉 in English ''singer''. (Never as in ''finger'' or ''ginger''.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''o''' | |||
| o | | o | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈oa〉 in English ''boat''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ò | | '''ò''' | ||
| | | ɔ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈au〉 in English ''caught''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''p''' | |||
| p | | p | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈p〉 in English ''put''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ph | | '''ph''' | ||
| | | f | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈f〉 in English ''foot''. Identical to 〈f〉, but from earlier /pʰ/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| pp | | '''pp''' | ||
| | | pf | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an English sound. Like 〈pf〉 in German ''Apfel''. From earlier /pp/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| r | | '''r''' | ||
| | | ɾ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈r〉 in Spanish ''pero''; like 〈t〉 in (American) English ''water''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''s''' | |||
| s | | s | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈s〉 in English ''soap''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| sh | | '''sh''' | ||
| | | ʃ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈sh〉 in English ''shoe''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''t''' | |||
| t | | t | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈t〉 in English ''table''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| th | | '''th''' | ||
| | | θ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈th〉 in English ''thing''. (Never as in ''these''.) From earlier /tʰ/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tl | | '''tl''' | ||
| | | tɬ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an English sound. Identical to 〈tlh〉, but from an earlier /tl/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tlh | | '''tlh''' | ||
| | | tɬ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Not an english sound. Like 〈tl〉 in Nahuatl ''coyotl''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ts''' | |||
| ts | | ts | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ts〉 in English ''cats''. Identical to 〈tt〉. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| tsh | | '''tsh''' | ||
| | | tʃ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ch〉 in English ''chair''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tt | | '''tt''' | ||
| | | ts | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ts〉 in English ''cats''. Identical to 〈ts〉, but from earlier /tt/. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tz | | '''tz''' | ||
| | | dz | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈ds〉 in English ''ads''. Identical to 〈dz〉, but from an earlier /ts/ that became voiced. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''u''' | |||
| u | | u | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈oo〉 in English ''boot''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ua | | '''ua''' | ||
| | | wɑ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈wa〉 in English ''want''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ue | | '''ue''' | ||
| | | we | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈we〉 in English ''went''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ui | | '''ui''' | ||
| | | wi | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈wee〉 in English ''week''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ù | | '''ù''' | ||
| | | ʊ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈oo〉 in English ''good''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''v''' | |||
| v | | v | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈v〉 in English ''very''. Identical to 〈bh〉, but from earlier /w/. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| y | | '''y''' | ||
| | | j | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈y〉 in English ''yes''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''z''' | |||
| z | | z | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈z〉 in English ''zoo''. | |||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| zh | | '''zh''' | ||
| | | ʒ | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| Like 〈si〉 in English ''vision'' or 〈g〉 in French ''genre''. | ||
|} | |} |