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Zemljask: Difference between revisions
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ȵ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ȵ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]) | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])<sup>1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled_alveolo-palatal_affricate|d͡ʑ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]<sup>3</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled_alveolo-palatal_affricate|d͡ʑ]]<sup>3</sup> | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]<sup>4</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]<sup>5</sup> | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]] | ! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]] | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]<sup>5</sup> | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant|ȴ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant|ȴ]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Notes: | |||
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]) | |||
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | |||
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | |||
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | |||
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| [[w:IPA link|e]] | | [[w:IPA link|e]] | ||
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel|(ə)r̩]] | | [[w:Mid_central_vowel|(ə)r̩]]<sup>1</sup> | ||
| [[w:IPA link|o]] | | [[w:IPA link|o]] | ||
|- | |||
! [[w:IPA_link|Mid-Open]] | |||
| [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup> | |||
| [[w:IPA_Link|-]] | |||
| [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| | | | ||
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]] | | [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]] | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Notes: | |||
# The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər]. | |||
# the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written as <è> and <ò> respectively) as well as allophones of [e] and [o] when preceeded by a Soft-Consonant. | |||