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Zemljask: Difference between revisions
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]) | # [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]). | ||
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | # The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>]. | ||
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | # The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish. | ||
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | # [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v]. | ||
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | # The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ]. | ||
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# The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər]. | # The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər]. | ||
# the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written as <è> and < | # the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written variously as <è>, <ai>, <ò>, and <au>) as well as allophones of [e] and [o] when preceeded by a Soft-Consonant. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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* '''Alovca''' [alˈoʋt͡sa] | * '''Alovca''' [alˈoʋt͡sa] | ||
This root demostrates both initial and penultimate stress - like all polysyllabic nouns with a mobile vowel - with the initial being in the aC form, and penultimate in the Ca form. | This root demostrates both initial and penultimate stress - like all polysyllabic nouns with a mobile vowel - with the initial being in the aC form, and penultimate in the Ca form. | ||
* '''Fanèla''' [fa.ˈnɛ.la] | * '''Fanèla''' [fa.ˈnɛ.la] | ||
In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la] | In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la] | ||
* '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti] | * '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti] | ||
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. | For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable. | ||
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# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft): | # Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft): | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="25" | Table of Alternations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || - | | Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || - || - ||f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | | Soft || mlj || nj || plj || blj || ć || dź || č || dž || c || dz || flj || vlj || š || ž || š || ž || č || dž || ć || dź || š || rj/š || lj || j | ||
|} | |} | ||