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Lámeyi languages: Difference between revisions
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==Later development== | ==Later development== | ||
===Thad languages=== | |||
Proto-Thad underwent a dissimilatory phonological process, which states that if an weak consonant is followed by another weak consonant in the next syllable, the first one becomes voiced (and later turns into a voiced fricative). This law was later generalised, so that such alternations rarely occur in Thad languages. Here are some examples of the effects of this law in Thadpalmé: | |||
* ''*'''t'''e'''k'''alʷ- > *'''d'''e'''k'''aran'' “shining”; | |||
* ''*'''p'''ei'''k'''ani > *'''bikayin''' “to swim”; | |||
* But ''*'''kʲ'''ai'''t'''nV- > *'''k'''yénáhe'' “light”. | |||
The Eastern languages lost their consonant clusters in all positions, though new medial clusters later formed due to syncope: ''*'''sp'''autʰanVs (P-L)>'''ph'''odnes'' [ˈpʰoð.nes] “electricity” (Thadpalmé). Other sound changes that define the Eastern branch are: | |||
* *lʷ, *ḷʷ *ḷs> *r /r/, *rh /r̥/, *rh /r̥/; | |||
* *lʲ, l, *ḷ > *ly /ʎ/, *l /l/ *lh /ɬ/; | |||
* *ŋʲ is distinct from *ŋ (shared with Las); | |||
* *h *ʔ> ∅ | |||
* *q, *ɴq > h | |||
* *tʲ, *tʲʰ > *c /t͡s/, *ch /t͡sʰ/, while *kʲ, *kʲʰ > ky [c], khy [cʰ], | |||
* *mb, *nd, *ŋg and their variants > *m, *n, *ŋ. | |||
Thad languages innovate a different verb conjugation paradigm, levelling out the ablaut patterns and irregularities, caused by later sound changes. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto:" align="center" style="text-align:center" width="30%" | |||
|+caption | '''Phonological development''' | |||
! | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! '''Proto-Thad''' | |||
| *ŋʲ | |||
| *ṗ *ṭ *ḳ | |||
| *d | |||
| *l | |||
| *h, *x, *ʟ | |||
| *s, *sʲ | |||
| *lh *xʲ | |||
| | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! '''L-palmé''' | |||
| ny | |||
| ph, th, kh | |||
| l | |||
| d | |||
| h, ∅, ∅ | |||
| y, y | |||
| s, s | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! '''D-palmé''' | |||
| ∅ | |||
| ph, th, kh | |||
| d | |||
| d | |||
| h, ∅, ∅ | |||
| s, s | |||
| l, s | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! '''Havˁen (H-palmé)''' | |||
| n | |||
| b, d, g | |||
| h | |||
| l | |||
| h, ħ, ʕ | |||
| s, s | |||
| š, š | |||
|} | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | <!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | ||