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Lemizh: Difference between revisions
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Compounds, copyedit
Anypodetos (talk | contribs) (Copyedit, consecutive, mood etc.) |
Anypodetos (talk | contribs) (Compounds, copyedit) |
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| ''ià.'' "to love" || ''iè.'' "one loving someone, a lover" || ''iỳ.'' "a beloved" || ''iì.'' "a beloved" | | ''ià.'' "to love" || ''iè.'' "one loving someone, a lover" || ''iỳ.'' "a beloved" || ''iì.'' "a beloved" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Importantly, there are no rules for which cases to use with which | Importantly, there are no rules for which cases to use with which words. Both ''iỳ.'' ({{sc|acc}}) and ''iì.'' ({{sc|dat}}) mean "a beloved". The former describes the beloved as the content of love, the one being lovingly thought of, while the latter implies that the love reaches them, like words or gifts reach their recipient. Likewise, the reason why ''mlỳtx.'' is not translated in the table above isn't that "''melt'' does not take the accusative", as grammars of other languages would say, but that "a content of melting" does not seem to have any obvious meaning. If someone wanted to describe, say, sun rays as content transported from the sun to the snow to melt it, they could well use ''mlỳtx.'' to express the concept. | ||
Case usage is governed solely by the general concept of descriptors (and, based on that, the flow of the plot); in all concrete situations, it relies on | Case usage is governed solely by the general concept of descriptors (and, based on that, the flow of the plot); in all concrete situations, it relies on speakers' intuition and their ability to use metaphors for accommodating the semantics of different verbs. If the wind opens a door, is it the source of the action of opening (''ngèt.''), the means of opening (''ngùt.''), or the cause (''ngèlt.'')? All are grammatically correct; the speaker decides which possibility best expresses their intention. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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| — || ''pràk.'' "to request" || ''dàxt.'' "to command" || ''pà.'' "to ask" || ''làxt.'' "to want" | | — || ''pràk.'' "to request" || ''dàxt.'' "to command" || ''pà.'' "to ask" || ''làxt.'' "to want" | ||
|} | |} | ||
* Aspect is a very heterogeneous category, expressed by a variety of compounds and syntactic structures in Lemizh. | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
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The eleven relative pronouns play a far more prominent role in Lemizh grammar. Their scope is much wider than the one usually associated with the term. As they are closely tied to Lemizh syntax, they will be described further down. | The eleven relative pronouns play a far more prominent role in Lemizh grammar. Their scope is much wider than the one usually associated with the term. As they are closely tied to Lemizh syntax, they will be described further down. | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Derivational morphology: compounds== | |||
From a Lemizh point of view, ''dè.'' "giver" and ''dỳ.'' "gift" aren't derivatives of ''dà.'' "to give" but grammatical forms of the same word. The only piece of true derivational morphology is compounding. | |||
[[File:Lemizh compounding diagram.png|thumb|Forming a compound from a two-word sentence]] | |||
A compound word is constructed from a two-word sentence – predicate and object of which become modifier and head of the compound, respectively – in the following way: | |||
# '''Prestem''': | |||
## the object's prestem | |||
## the object's inner case | |||
## the object's poststem | |||
## an optional separator | |||
## the predicate's prestem | |||
# '''Inner case''' | |||
# '''Poststem''': the predicate's poststem | |||
# '''Outer case''' | |||
Note that the object's stem comes before the predicate's; and also that the object's outer case (and, less importantly, the predicate's inner case) is lost. The separator can be used, for example, if the word boundary would be unclear otherwise, or for placing the second part of the word on a new line. | |||
… | |||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://lemizh.conlang.org Lemizh homepage] with comprehensive coverage of the language | * [https://lemizh.conlang.org Lemizh homepage] with comprehensive coverage of the language, including a dictionary | ||
[[File:Copyleft1.png|20px]] ''This article includes material from the Lemizh homepage, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.'' | [[File:Copyleft1.png|20px]] ''This article includes material from the Lemizh homepage, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License].'' | ||
<!--[[Category:Lemizh language]]--> | <!--[[Category:Lemizh language]]--> | ||