Zemljask: Difference between revisions

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Zemljask (view source)

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# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]).
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x]).
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>].
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>].
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Rozjana Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].
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! [[w:Mid vowel|Closed]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Closed]]
| [[w:IPA link|i]]
| [[w:IPA link|i]]
|  
| [[w:IPA link|ɪ]]
| [[w:IPA link|u]]
| [[w:IPA link|u]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:IPA link|e]]
| [[w:IPA link|e]]
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel|(ə)r̩]]<sup>1</sup>
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel|ər]]<sup>1</sup>
| [[w:IPA link|o]]
| [[w:IPA link|o]]
|-
|-
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===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress in Zemljask, in theory, is unpredictable, however it most often is placed moderately heavily on the initial syllable.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: left; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="30" | Hard and Soft Consonants
|-
| Alovac || [ˈalovat͡s] || Here, the stress is placed on the initial syllable.
|-
| Alovca || [alˈoʋt͡sa] || However, stress often moves in certain inflections. In this case, the loss of a vowel pushes it forwards, like in most roots with mobile vowels.
|-
| Fanèla || [fa.ˈnɛ.la] || In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
|-
| Gavati || [ga.ˈva.ti] || For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate.
|-
| Gavaš || [ˈga.vaʃ] || While the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable.
|-
| Kytiti || [ˈkɪ.ti.ti] || However, -iti verbs have permanent root-final stress.
|-
| Gavljenje || [gaʋ.ˈʎɛ.ɲɛ] || When an ending is composed of multiple syllables, the verb once again gains penultimate stress.
|-
|}


Stress in Zemljask, in theory, is unpredictable, however it most often is placed moderately heavily on the initial syllable. 
==Morphophonology==
* '''Alovac''' [ˈalovat͡s]
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variations in stems that take place under a variety of conditions:
* '''Alovca''' [alˈoʋt͡sa]
===Consonant Alternation===
This root demostrates both initial and penultimate stress - like all polysyllabic nouns with a mobile vowel - with the initial being in the aC form, and penultimate in the Ca form.


* '''Fanèla''' [fa.ˈnɛ.la]
In most Illyrian loans, and a few native Zemljask words, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. If this word had come from Proto-Slavic, it would likely be pronounced with initial stress: [ˈfa.ne.la]
* '''Gavati''' [ga.ˈva.ti]
For verbs, the stress on the infinitive is penultimate, while the primary stress when conjugated falls upon the root-final syllable.
* '''Gavljo, Gavaš''' [ˈgaʋ.ʎo], [ˈga.vaʃ]
However, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable for endings composed of multiple syllables:
* '''Gavljenje''' [gaʋ.ˈʎɛ.ɲɛ]
* '''Gavate''' [ga.ˈva.te]
==Morphophonology==
There exists in Zemljask a rich morphophonology of numerous variation in stems that take place under a variety of conditions:
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft):
# Consonants are split into hard and soft, based on their phonetic value and may alternate between these forms under certain conditions (typically Hard to Soft):
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="25" | Table of Alternations
! colspan="25" | Hard and Soft Consonants
|-
|-
| Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || - || - ||f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || -
| Hard || m || n || p || b || t || d || k || g || - || - ||f || v || s || z || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || h || l || -
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|}
|}


===Mobile Vowels===


The other primary mode of alternation is the ''mobile "A"'', which may appear or disappear in certain cases or inflections.
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
Aleisi Galan
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