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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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===Kinship terms=== | ===Kinship terms=== | ||
Lifashian has one of the most complex kinship terminology systems among Indo-European languages. It has an obligatory distinction of age among siblings and parallel cousins, and a distinction in the treatment of parallel and cross cousins. | Lifashian has one of the most complex kinship terminology systems among Indo-European languages; however, many of those terms have no clear IE origin. It has an obligatory distinction of age among siblings and parallel cousins, and a distinction in the treatment of parallel and cross cousins. | ||
: ''máté'' "mother", ''faté'' "father" | : ''máté'' "mother", ''faté'' "father" | ||
: ''bárté'' "older brother", ''hanité'' "younger brother" | : ''bárté'' "older brother", ''hanité'' "younger brother" | ||
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: parallel cousins: ''tambárté'' "older male first cousin", ''tahani'' "younger male first cousin", ''taleláté'' "older female first cousin", ''tússyá'' "younger female first cousin" | : parallel cousins: ''tambárté'' "older male first cousin", ''tahani'' "younger male first cousin", ''taleláté'' "older female first cousin", ''tússyá'' "younger female first cousin" | ||
: cross cousins: ''húhsyís'' "mother's brother's son", ''húhsyená'' "mother's brother's daughter"; ''mámesyís'' "father's sister's son", ''mámesyená'' "father's sister's daughter" | : cross cousins: ''húhsyís'' "mother's brother's son", ''húhsyená'' "mother's brother's daughter"; ''mámesyís'' "father's sister's son", ''mámesyená'' "father's sister's daughter" | ||
About following generations, Lifashian has standalone terms for grandchildren (''núnal'' and ''núnilá'') and great-grandchildren (''ilew'' and ''ilewá''), with following generations being formed with the prefixes ''duws-'' (i.e. ''duwsilew'' "male great-great-grandchild"), ''gét-'' (''gétilew'' "male great-great-great-grandchild") and ''kata-'' (''katailewá'' "female great-great-great-great-grandchild"). The situation with nephews and nieces is more complex, because there is a different treatment for them depending on whether the ego's sibling is younger or older: | |||
: the children of one's older sister (''eláté'') are a ''tahíw'' (male) and ''téhwá'' (female); | |||
: the children of one's older brother (''bárté'') are a ''níf'' (male) and ''nífá'' (female); | |||
: the children of one's younger sibling (''hanité'' or ''súsyáté'') are a ''lawn'' (male) and ''lawná'' (female). | |||
Generations preceding one's parents are marked similarly to grandchildren. The term for grandfather is ''bweté'' and the one for grandmother is ''mwité''; their parents are ''duwsabweté'' and ''duwsamwité'' (great-grandparents), then ''gétabweté/gétamwité'' (great-great-grandparents) and ''filáybweté/filáymwité'' (great-great-great-grandparents). Even earlier generations use these terms but with the numerals for second, third, and so on; one's great-great-great-grandparent's mother is one's ''filáymwité sfetá'' (i.e. "second great-great-great-grandmother"), whose father is then the ''filáybweté tartás'' (i.e. "third great-great-great-grandfather"). | |||
==Texts== | ==Texts== | ||