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Is Burunking: Difference between revisions
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→Pronouns
| Line 331: | Line 331: | ||
| ''bu'' | | ''bu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | | ! | 2 | ||
! | |||
| ''yi'' | |||
| ''fu'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | 3 | |||
! masculine | ! masculine | ||
| ''ngane | | ''ngane'' | ||
| rowspan="3" | '' | | rowspan="3" | ''xinxing'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! feminine | ! feminine | ||
| ''nepa | | ''nepa'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! common | ! common | ||
| ''yi'' | | ''xing'' | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
There are no inanimate forms, the demonstrative pronouns being used instead. | |||
Possessives may be formed with the postposition ''go'', e.g. ''ngi go yata'' 'my father', ''xing go eshe'' 'his house'. The phrase ''go buru'' is used with the pronouns to create reflexive pronouns, e.g. ''yi go buru'' 'yourself', | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| this | |||
| style="width: 150px; "| ''waz'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| that (non-distal) | |||
| style="width: 150px; "| ''uzi'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| that (distal) | |||
| style="width: 150px; "| ''az'' | |||
|} | |||
The demonstratives may be used attributively following the noun, e.g. ''az waz'' 'this man', ''xagaz uzi'' 'that apple', ''binji az'' 'that mountain'. With ''uki'' they form the equivalent adverbs of place: ''uki waz'' 'here', ''uki uzi'' 'there', ''uki az'' 'there (distal)'. | |||
====Interrogative==== | |||
Interrogative pronouns and adverbs are formed with the prefix ''n(o)-'' and a nominal element: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| what | |||
| style="width: 150px; "| ''nohez'' | |||
|- | |||
! | who | |||
| ''nogyong'' | |||
|- | |||
! | where | |||
| ''nuki'' | |||
|- | |||
! | how | |||
| ''nobide'' | |||
|- | |||
! | why | |||
| ''nonaze'' | |||
|- | |||
! | when | |||
| ''neleji'' | |||
|} | |||
These interrogatives may take postpositions such as ''nogyong go'' 'whose' | |||
====Indefinite==== | |||
Indefinite pronouns are formed using the same nominal elements as the interrogative pronouns, but with different affixes. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| some- <br> (''-do'') | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| any- <br> (''eno-'') | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| every- <br> (reduplication) | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| -thing | |||
| ''hedo'' | |||
| ''enohez'' | |||
| ''hehez'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; "| -one, -body | |||
| ''gyondo'' | |||
| ''enogyong'' | |||
| ''gyongyong'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! style="width: 150px; "| -where | ||
| ''ukido'' | |||
| '' | | ''enuki'' | ||
| ''ukyuki'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! style="width: 150px; "| -how | ||
| '' | | ''bidedo'' | ||
| ''enobide'' | |||
| ''bidebide'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! style="width: 150px; "| (reason) | ||
| '' | | ''nazedo'' | ||
| ''enonaze'' | |||
| ''nazenaze'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| -time | |||
| ''elejido'' | |||
| ''eneleji'' | |||
| ''elejeleji'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
The 'any-' forms are also used as the equivalent of English pronouns with '-ever', e.g. ''enobide'' 'however', ''enogyong'' 'whoever'. They are also employed in negative sentences to mean 'no-one', 'nowhere' etc. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||