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Cumbraek: Difference between revisions
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→Verbal Particles
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | Affirmative | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 60px; " rowspan="4" | ''e'' <br> ''edh'' | ! style="width: 60px; " rowspan="4" | ''e'' <br> ''edh'' | ||
| style="width: 400px; text-align:left;" | 'dummy' particle at the start of a sentence | | style="width: 400px; text-align:left;" | 'dummy' particle at the start of a sentence | ||
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! ''nuw''<sup><small>S</small></sup> | ! ''nuw''<sup><small>S</small></sup> | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | affirmative, somewhat emphatic particle | | style="text-align:left;" | affirmative, somewhat emphatic particle | ||
| | | style="text-align:left;" | ''Nuw adwoynav de dat'' 'Indeed, I know your father' | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Negative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | ''ne''<sup><small>SL</small></sup> <br> ''ned'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | used at the start of a sentence (spirantising) | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Ne chassa Yowann Maylok'' 'John doesn't hate Maylok' | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | negative relative (leniting) | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Er ti ne leskis du'r loar'' 'The house that did not burn down' | |||
|- | |||
! ''na''<sup><small>S</small></sup> | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | used before subordinate clauses | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Mi medhulyav ne do'' 'I think he won't come' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | ''na''<small><sup>S</sup></small> | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | used in replies | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Am ceridh? Na charav'' 'Do you love me? No' | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | negative imperative | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Na sill a-vri'' 'Don't look down' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Interrogative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | a<sup><small>L</small></sup> | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | used at the start of a direct question | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''A dhowidh amm Dhiw Gwener?'' 'Are you coming on Friday?' | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | introduces indirect questions | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Hi erchis a oot lessowur'' 'She asked if you are a vegetarian' | |||
|- | |||
! ''ay'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | used at the start of a focussed sentence | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Ay Frankek a lavrant?'' 'Is is French that they speak?' | |||
|- | |||
! ''pane''<small><sup>S</sup></small> <br> ''paned'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | introduces a direct or indirect question expecting an affirmative answer | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''Panem credidh?'' 'Don't you believe me?' | |||
|} | |} | ||