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Is Burunking: Difference between revisions
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Vowels are considered to be short in all environments but may occur consecutively as in '' | Vowels are considered to be short in all environments but may occur consecutively as in ''eekez'' 'left' /ɛːkɛz/. Note that word-initial sequences of ''i + i'' and ''u + uu'' are written ''yi-'', ''-wu''. | ||
===Diphthongs=== | ===Diphthongs=== | ||
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| style="text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | | | style="text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | | ||
* optional | * optional | ||
* only ''b, g, h, x, l, n, ng'' or ''m'' word-initially | * only ''b, g, d, h, x, l, n, ng'' or ''m'' word-initially | ||
* any consonant word-medially | * any consonant word-medially | ||
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; " | | | style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; " | | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Gender==== | ====Gender==== | ||
Nouns are classified as either '''animate''' ('' | Nouns are classified as either '''animate''' (''bihi'') or '''inanimate''' (''es bihi'') and animate nouns belong to one of three genders: '''masculine''' (''achi''), '''feminine''' (''buyachi'') or '''common''' (''iziji''). Inclusion within a class is based to a large extent on natural gender. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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! rowspan="2" | 1 | ! rowspan="2" | 1 | ||
! inclusive | ! inclusive | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | | rowspan="2" | ''ni'' | ||
| ''boro'' | | ''boro'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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There are no inanimate forms, the demonstrative pronouns being used instead. | There are no inanimate forms, the demonstrative pronouns being used instead. | ||
Possessives may be formed with the postposition ''go'', e.g. '' | Possessives may be formed with the postposition ''go'', e.g. ''ni go yata'' 'my father', ''xing go eshe'' 'its house'. The phrase ''go buru'' is used with the pronouns to create reflexive pronouns, e.g. ''yi go buru'' 'yourself', | ||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| that (non-distal) | ! style="width: 150px; "| that (non-distal) | ||
| style="width: 150px; "| '' | | style="width: 150px; "| ''uri'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| that (distal) | ! style="width: 150px; "| that (distal) | ||
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The demonstratives may be used attributively following the noun, e.g. ''az waz'' 'this man', ''xagaz | The demonstratives may be used attributively following the noun, e.g. ''az waz'' 'this man', ''xagaz uri'' 'that apple', ''binji az'' 'that mountain'. With ''uki'' they form the equivalent adverbs of place: ''uki waz'' 'here', ''uki uri'' 'there', ''uki az'' 'there (distal)'. | ||
====Interrogative==== | ====Interrogative==== | ||
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! style="width: 150px; "| some- <br> (''-do'') | ! style="width: 150px; "| some- <br> (''-do'') | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| any- <br> (''eno-'') | ! style="width: 150px; "| any- <br> (''eno-'') | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| every- <br> (-bua) | ! style="width: 150px; "| every- <br> (''-bua'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 150px; "| -thing | ! style="width: 150px; "| -thing | ||