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Chelsian: Difference between revisions
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→Other important irregular verbs
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====Lexical aspect==== | ====Lexical aspect==== | ||
While aspect is primarily expressed through verb conjugation (like Romance languages and unlike Balto-Slavic languages), there is a tendency towards certain verbs having | While aspect is primarily expressed through verb conjugation (like Romance languages and unlike Balto-Slavic languages), there is a tendency towards certain verbs having inherent aspect. These verbs generally also have causative counterparts. | ||
Some examples of imperfective-perfective-causative counterparts are given below. Note that the counterparts are not necessarily fully synonymous besides aspect, and they may have alternative meanings that are not shared. | Some examples of imperfective-perfective-causative counterparts are given below. Note that the counterparts are not necessarily fully synonymous besides aspect, and they may have alternative meanings that are not shared. | ||
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| ''stō, stāre, stetī, stātų'' || ''surhō, suržere, sūršī, sūrtų'' || to stand || ''sistō, sistere, sistuvī, sistūtų'' || | | ''stō, stāre, stetī, stātų'' || ''surhō, suržere, sūršī, sūrtų'' || to stand || ''sistō, sistere, sistuvī, sistūtų'' || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''sedzō, sedēre, sēdī, sessų'' || ''sīdō, sīdere, | | ''sedzō, sedēre, sēdī, sessų'' || ''sīdō, sīdere, sēdī, sessų'' || to sit || ''lokō, lokāre, lokāvī, lokātų'' || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''jačo, jačēre, jakuvī, jakūtų'' || ''dēkumbō, dēkumbere, dēkūvī, dēkūtų'' || to lie || ''deicō, deicere, dēcī, dēttų'' || | | ''jačo, jačēre, jakuvī, jakūtų'' || ''dēkumbō, dēkumbere, dēkūvī, dēkūtų'' || to lie || ''deicō, deicere, dēcī, dēttų'' || | ||
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-- | Note that in perfect/supine tenses and the imperative, imperfective verbs become almost synonymous with their perfective counterparts, and in some cases they are homophonous - e.g. ''stetī ≈ sūršī'' "I stood". | ||
In imperfect tenses (i.e. the present indicative and the imperfect indicative and subjunctive), perfective verbs tend to become inchoative in meaning - e.g. ''suržēvą'' "I was standing up, I used to stand up" vs. ''stāvą'' "I was standing, I used to stand". | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||