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Balearic Hebrew: Difference between revisions
→Weak roots
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The first three categories, categorized by a guttural as the third letter of a verbal root, cause gemination in the verbal affix nearby. For example, the 2nd person feminine singular ''qal'' preterite construction of the root ''h-r-h,'' to be pregnant, is hūratti, instead of the ungrammatical *''hūrahti''. This gemination occurs not only with the affixes, but also to the other parts of the root. In addition, these consonants cause a vowel change from <ū> to <o> always. Other vowels are unaffected. For example, using the same verb but in the 3rd person, the construction is ''horra'', instead of expected *''hūrha''. In the case of a final /h/, it always drops. | The first three categories, categorized by a guttural as the third letter of a verbal root, cause gemination in the verbal affix nearby. For example, the 2nd person feminine singular ''qal'' preterite construction of the root ''h-r-h,'' to be pregnant, is hūratti, instead of the ungrammatical *''hūrahti''. This gemination occurs not only with the affixes, but also to the other parts of the root. In addition, these consonants cause a vowel change from <ū> to <o> always. Other vowels are unaffected. For example, using the same verb but in the 3rd person, the construction is ''horra'', instead of expected *''hūrha''. In the case of a final /h/, it always drops. | ||
The fourth category, 2nd Alef, only has this consonant drop when it is | The fourth category, 2nd Alef, only has this consonant drop when it is followed by a stop consonant ([t k b d g]) and by a vowel. For example, ''bʔb'', meaning "to come" has the form ''būbū'' for the 3rd person masculine plural ''qal'' preterite form, instead of expected *''būʔbū''. | ||
The fifth category, 1st Chet, causes vowel change, and/or gemination in the paradigm. The vowel immediately preceding and following this letter is always /a/. Thus, ''ħ-b-š'', meaning to cover a wound, in the masculine 3rd person singular ''qal'' subjunctive is ''yabbūš'', instead of expected *''yiħbūš''. Here, the vowel is changed from <nowiki><i> to <a>, and the <b> 2nd radical consonant is geminated as the first is lost.</nowiki> | The fifth category, 1st Chet, causes vowel change, and/or gemination in the paradigm. The vowel immediately preceding and following this letter is always /a/. Thus, ''ħ-b-š'', meaning to cover a wound, in the masculine 3rd person singular ''qal'' subjunctive is ''yabbūš'', instead of expected *''yiħbūš''. Here, the vowel is changed from <nowiki><i> to <a>, and the <b> 2nd radical consonant is geminated as the first is lost.</nowiki> | ||