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Naeng: Difference between revisions
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==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
===Phonological history=== | ===Phonological history=== | ||
*Classical Naeng | *Classical Naeng /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ become /f θ x/; /f θ/ gain voiced realizations | ||
*Classical Naeng | *Classical Naeng reduced vowels ''ă'' /ɔ/ and ''ĭ'' /ɨ/ merge into ''ă'' /ə/ | ||
*Breathy vowels become separate vowel phonemes: | *Breathy vowels become separate vowel phonemes: | ||
**CNaeng a e i o u ü → MidNaeng ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ → ModNaeng a e ie o ua üe | **CNaeng a e i o u ü → MidNaeng ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ → ModNaeng a e ie o ua üe | ||
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*''or'' → [ɔɐ] | *''or'' → [ɔɐ] | ||
*''ar'' = ''är'' → [aː] | *''ar'' = ''är'' → [aː] | ||
*Vocalization of R has caused a chain vowel shift in stressed vowels Std. Naeng | *Vocalization of R has caused a chain vowel shift in stressed vowels Std. Naeng (these shifts don't occur for e o before w/y): | ||
**''ie üe ua ea oa'' > [ɪ ø u ɛ̝ ɔ̝] | **''ie üe ua ea oa'' > [ɪ ø u ɛ̝ ɔ̝] | ||
**''u e o'' > [ʉ ae ao] | **''u e o'' > [ʉ ae ao] | ||
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[[File:Bjeheondian Naeng script.png|thumbnail|The modern Naeng script]] | [[File:Bjeheondian Naeng script.png|thumbnail|The modern Naeng script]] | ||
The modern Naeng script is an abugida related to Idavic scripts. It derives from an old Bjeheondian runic alphabet, which was in turn an adaptation of an even older logographic writing system used by the Dábhiaŋal (Naeng | The modern Naeng script is an abugida related to Idavic scripts. It derives from an old Bjeheondian runic alphabet, which was in turn an adaptation of an even older logographic writing system used by the Dábhiaŋal (Naeng ''Dobingal'') civilization (from ancient Erkwisngwal). | ||
Should look square-ish like both Hebrew and Khmer | Should look square-ish like both Hebrew and Khmer | ||
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{{col-begin}} | {{col-begin}} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
Modern Naeng | Modern Naeng | ||
''Mĭ ngith doan chea chmi dur es tach ĭmchäth mĭs mogor litheath. Fĭ Pĭda Brăwied chea sray bĭntăbiets: "Łănam mot mea ra hăngüs?"'' | ''Mĭ ngith doan chea chmi dur es tach ĭmchäth mĭs mogor litheath. Fĭ Pĭda Brăwied chea sray bĭntăbiets: "Łănam mot mea ra hăngüs?"'' | ||
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''Fĭ Pida chea sngiem șaf chäth mĭ ngil, "Fĭ chäth se eth ruay hăltsrüeng mi finaw."'' | ''Fĭ Pida chea sngiem șaf chäth mĭ ngil, "Fĭ chäth se eth ruay hăltsrüeng mi finaw."'' | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
Original (Classical Naeng | Original (Classical Naeng) | ||
''Ngiiθ dur mogor se taχ χaaθ. "Măra łĭnam?" tăbits φin Pĭda Brăwid.'' | ''Ngiiθ dur mogor se taχ χaaθ. "Măra łĭnam?" tăbits φin Pĭda Brăwid.'' | ||