7,114
edits
Thezhmic: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Secondary stem patterns
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 672: | Line 672: | ||
*'''névos, névōs, névezes (n.):''' cloud | *'''névos, névōs, névezes (n.):''' cloud | ||
====Secondary stem patterns==== | |||
Nouns with secondary stems that differ from their primary stems tend to follow certain trends. Common ways to derive the secondary stem from the primary stem include (note that multiple ways may co-occur): | |||
*Shift of accent from the root to the ending. | |||
*Shortening a long vowel. | |||
*Change of ''-o-'' to ''-e-''. | |||
*Dropping the nucleus vowel (usually ''-o-'' or ''-e-''). | |||
**If this results in a forbidden consonant cluster: | |||
***If one of the consonants in that cluster is a liquid (''r, l''), a nasal (''n, m''), or a glide (''y, w''), it is converted to its syllabic counterpart. | |||
***Otherwise, the cluster is broken with ''-ə-''. | |||
Note that even if one or more of the above changes are possible, they may not occur in a given noun. Unpredictable changes can also occur. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives are declined as the noun classes; however, in constrast to the masculine and neuter, the feminine almost always falls under the ā-stem class. | Adjectives are declined as the noun classes; however, in constrast to the masculine and neuter, the feminine almost always falls under the ā-stem class. | ||
| Line 702: | Line 712: | ||
*The genitive(s) can be dropped when the adjective is declined regularly. This most often happens with ō/ā-stem adjectives. | *The genitive(s) can be dropped when the adjective is declined regularly. This most often happens with ō/ā-stem adjectives. | ||
*The feminine singular nominative is dropped when feminine forms are identical to the masculine. This occurs in a few adjectives (never o/ā-class), the most notable of which are the cardinal numbers 3 and 4. | *The feminine singular nominative is dropped when feminine forms are identical to the masculine. This occurs in a few adjectives (never o/ā-class), the most notable of which are the cardinal numbers 3 and 4. | ||
Like nouns, adjectives often have secondary stems. These are formed similarly as those of nouns. | |||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||