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Tseer: Difference between revisions
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Tseer is the language of parts of the Fornloíd and other philosophical, historical and literary texts from Ancient Tseer civilization, and it is also the language of some Pidaic texts. Today Classical Tseer survives in liturgical use in Mărotłism. | Tseer is the language of parts of the Fornloíd and other philosophical, historical and literary texts from Ancient Tseer civilization, and it is also the language of some Pidaic texts. Today Classical Tseer survives in liturgical use in Mărotłism. | ||
The predominant vernacular of the Fnüeng dynasty was no longer Classical | The predominant vernacular of the Fnüeng dynasty was no longer Classical Naeng, but a form of Tseer. When the Naeng Empire fell in 1004 fT in the aftermath of the Jeodganite-Ngedhraist Revolt, many Tseeric- and Talmic-speaking peoples newly settled in the land. These Tseeric vernaculars represented variation that already existed in the originally Tseer-speaking area. These Tseeric vernaculars were already separate languages by then, and they came to be associated with different nation-states in Talma. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
Compared to Classical | Compared to Classical Naeng, Classical Tseer has more conservative vowels but less conservative consonants. | ||
Like | Like Naeng, Tseer merged *H and *F (into **φ), believed by some to be a shared innovation characterizing "Talmo-Lakovic" (Naengic and Tseer). But unlike Naeng it vocalized some laryngeals in clusters, namely *Q, *H, *F but not *X. It also merged PLak *a and *ā into /a/. | ||
Vocalized *f, vowels which were colored by *f, and u-umlaut of /a/ and /e/ are the main sources of /ø/ in Tseer. | Vocalized *f, vowels which were colored by *f, and u-umlaut of /a/ and /e/ are the main sources of /ø/ in Tseer. | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Initial clusters are somewhat less common than in Naeng; also, final -p -t -th -k are forbidden. However, final clusters are allowed unlike in | Initial clusters are somewhat less common than in Naeng; also, final -p -t -th -k are forbidden. However, final clusters are allowed unlike in Naeng. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Classical Tseer morphology is much like [[ | Classical Tseer morphology is much like [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]]: nouns have masculine and feminine gender, and verbs inflect for aspect, tense, voice, and gender agreement using prefixes, infixes and reduplication. Like Naeng, Tseer has lost Proto-Lakovic triggers. | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Like [[ | Like [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]], each noun has an intrinsic gender, either masculine or feminine. For most feminine nouns, the feminine is marked with ''-kh'' or ''-er'' (from PLak *-s). | ||
*''atev'' = son-in-law; ''atever'' = daughter-in-law | *''atev'' = son-in-law; ''atever'' = daughter-in-law | ||
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TODO: plural reduplication rules | TODO: plural reduplication rules | ||
Unlike | Unlike Naeng, Tseer has no definite or specific articles. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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Pluractionality is used when a verb is done multiple times or done to multiple objects. | Pluractionality is used when a verb is done multiple times or done to multiple objects. | ||
Pluractionality: ''e(e)Fe-'' or ''e(e)FeL-'' (cf. | Pluractionality: ''e(e)Fe-'' or ''e(e)FeL-'' (cf. Naeng frequentative ''enFă-'') | ||
In Modern Tseer pluractionality is marked by pluralizing the verbal noun. | In Modern Tseer pluractionality is marked by pluralizing the verbal noun. | ||