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|creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = dølud Tseer | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Tseer''' is a classical language of Talma, second to [[Naeng]]; it left a significant influence on [[Scellan]] and [[Naeng]]. It is aesthetically inspired by Somali, Polish, Hmong and Vietnamese and grammatically inspired by Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Irish. | '''Tseer''' (natively ''dølud Tseer'' [d̪ɵˈluð t͡sɛ̃r̝]) is a classical language of Talma, second to [[Naeng]]; it left a significant influence on [[Scellan]] and [[Naeng]]. It is aesthetically inspired by Somali, Polish, Hmong and Vietnamese and grammatically inspired by Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Irish. | ||
Tseer is the language of parts of the Fornloíd and other philosophical, historical and literary texts from Ancient Tseer civilization, and it is also the language of some Pidaic texts. Today Classical Tseer survives in liturgical use in Mărotłism. | Tseer is the language of parts of the Fornloíd and other philosophical, historical and literary texts from Ancient Tseer civilization, and it is also the language of some Pidaic texts. Today Classical Tseer survives in liturgical use in Mărotłism. | ||
The predominant vernacular of the Fnüeng dynasty was no longer Classical Naeng, but a form of Tseer. When the Naeng Empire fell in 1004 fT in the aftermath of the Jeodganite-Ngedhraist Revolt, many Tseeric- and Talmic-speaking peoples newly settled in the land. These Tseeric vernaculars represented variation that already existed in the originally Tseer-speaking area. These Tseeric vernaculars were already separate languages by then. Neo-Tseer languages and [[Vornian]] are the only modern | The predominant vernacular of the Fnüeng dynasty was no longer Classical Naeng, but a form of Tseer. When the Naeng Empire fell in 1004 fT in the aftermath of the Jeodganite-Ngedhraist Revolt, many Tseeric- and Talmic-speaking peoples newly settled in the land. These Tseeric vernaculars represented variation that already existed in the originally Tseer-speaking area. These Tseeric vernaculars were already separate languages by then. Neo-Tseer languages and [[Vornian]] are the only modern Talman languages with phonemic retroflex stops. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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Compared to Classical Naeng, Classical Tseer has more conservative vowels but less conservative consonants. | Compared to Classical Naeng, Classical Tseer has more conservative vowels but less conservative consonants. | ||
Unlike Naeng, Tseer merged *H and *F (into **φ) and vocalized some laryngeals in clusters, namely *Q, *H, *F but not *X. It also merged PLak *a and *ā into /a/. | |||
Vocalized *f, vowels which were colored by *f, and u-umlaut of /a/ and /e/ are the main sources of /ø/ in Tseer. | Vocalized *f, vowels which were colored by *f, and u-umlaut of /a/ and /e/ are the main sources of /ø/ in Tseer. | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Classical Tseer has | Classical Tseer has 22 phonemic consonants. Syllable-final ''v ð'' are allophones of /b d/, and syllable final ''b d g'' are allophones of /p t k/. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width:700px;text-align:center;" | |||
m n ng /ŋ/ | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! |Labial | |||
! |Dental/Alv. | |||
! |Retroflex | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n{{den}}/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d{{den}}/ | |||
| '''dh''' /ɖ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' [g] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| ('''p''' /p/) | |||
| '''t''' /t{{den}}/ | |||
| '''th''' /ʈ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k/ | |||
| <b>'</b> /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| '''tx''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}/ | |||
| '''ts''' /tʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''x''' /s{{den}}/ | |||
| '''s''' /ʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''kh''' /x/ | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' [v] | |||
| '''ð''' [ð] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| '''r''' /r{{raised}}/, '''l''' /l{{den}}/ | |||
| '''dh''' [ɭ] | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Classical Tseer morphology is much like [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]]: nouns | Classical Tseer morphology is much like [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]]: nouns pluralize by reduplication, and verbs inflect for aspect, tense, voice, and person agreement using prefixes, infixes and reduplication. | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| | !| | ||
!I (m | !I (m.)!!we (inc. du.)!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc. pl.)!!you (pl.)!!they | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Full pronouns | !|Full pronouns | ||
| | ||''ree''||''baa''||''khen''||''kheer''||''in''||''eer''||''aari''||''baaba''||''kheekhe''||''inin'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Possessive/Object Suffixes | !|Possessive/Object Suffixes | ||
| | ||''-ri'', ''-iri''||''-am''||''-kh, -ekh''||''-kher''||''-in''||''-er''||''-ar''||''-aba''||''-akhe''||''-anin'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|Predicative Suffixes | !|Predicative Suffixes | ||
|''- | |''-re'' | ||
|''-b'' | |''-b'' | ||
||''-nekh''||''-sekh'' | ||''-nekh''||''-sekh'' | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Plurals are formed by reduplication with the reduplicant modified for phonotactic or euphonic reasons. | Plurals are formed by reduplication with the reduplicant modified for phonotactic or euphonic reasons. | ||
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TODO: plural reduplication rules | TODO: plural reduplication rules | ||
Tseer has a suffixed definite article ''-wi''. The indefinite is unmarked. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Verb template==== | ====Verb template==== | ||
feminine-TAM-pluractionality-voice-ROOT-TAM | feminine-TAM-pluractionality-voice-ROOT-TAM | ||
====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
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* ''nu-'' = agentive (source of Wdm ''nu-'') | * ''nu-'' = agentive (source of Wdm ''nu-'') | ||
* Nominalizers, verbalizers, instrument, place, etc. | * Nominalizers, verbalizers, instrument, place, etc. | ||
== Syntax == | |||
Syntax-wise, Tseer is predicate-first, like Lushootseed, due to influence from Classical [[Netagin]]. | |||
==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
===Rhyme=== | ===Rhyme=== |
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