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Meskangela: Difference between revisions
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*'''class III''': stem ends in ''-l'' – སྟཾལཾན ''stalan'' “to acquire”, ཟཻལཾན ''zēlan'' “to be surrounded”, སཀིལཾན ''sëkīlan'' “to bind”; | *'''class III''': stem ends in ''-l'' – སྟཾལཾན ''stalan'' “to acquire”, ཟཻལཾན ''zēlan'' “to be surrounded”, སཀིལཾན ''sëkīlan'' “to bind”; | ||
*'''class IV''': stem ends in ''-s'' or ''-r'' – གུནཾསཾན ''gunasan'' “to rest”, ཁོརཾན ''khoran'' “to cry”, བསྐྱུརཾན ''bëskyuran'' “to interpret/to translate”; | *'''class IV''': stem ends in ''-s'' or ''-r'' – གུནཾསཾན ''gunasan'' “to rest”, ཁོརཾན ''khoran'' “to cry”, བསྐྱུརཾན ''bëskyuran'' “to interpret/to translate”; | ||
*'''class V''': stem ends in other consonants – ཅྱུཀཾན ''cyukan'' “to trust”, | *'''class V''': stem ends in other consonants – ཅྱུཀཾན ''cyukan'' “to trust”, ལཏཾཏཾན ''lëtatan'' “to observe”, ཆོཏཾན ''chōtan'' “to be pierced”. | ||
Each class has its own conjugation pattern. | Each class has its own conjugation pattern. | ||
====Stem==== | ====Stem==== | ||
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Verbs do not fill every slot of the table, a typical transitive verb have two or three slots filled at a time, for example: སླིཀཾ ཀུཀནཾ ཀོངསྐྱི ''slika kukëna koŋëskyi'' “they two carry fruit in baskets” (''sli-ka'' “fruit-Pl” ''kuk-na'' “basket-Loc” ''koŋ-s-kyi'' “carry-Du-3Ag”); ཀཾམཱིཀྐྱི ''kamīkkyi'' “he has given it to me” (''ka-m-bī-t-kyi'' “1sg.IndObj-Perf-give-Pret-3Ag”). | Verbs do not fill every slot of the table, a typical transitive verb have two or three slots filled at a time, for example: སླིཀཾ ཀུཀནཾ ཀོངསྐྱི ''slika kukëna koŋëskyi'' “they two carry fruit in baskets” (''sli-ka'' “fruit-Pl” ''kuk-na'' “basket-Loc” ''koŋ-s-kyi'' “carry-Du-3Ag”); ཀཾམཱིཀྐྱི ''kamīkkyi'' “he has given it to me” (''ka-m-bī-t-kyi'' “1sg.IndObj-Perf-give-Pret-3Ag”). | ||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||
Meskangela is an [[w:Ergative-absolutive language|ergative language]]. Grammatical [[w:Constituent (linguistics)|constituents]] in most Meskangela dialects broadly have [[w:head-final|head-final]] word order ('''SOV''', or "subject-object-verb"). There are some general tendencies: | Meskangela is an [[w:Ergative-absolutive language|ergative language]]. Grammatical [[w:Constituent (linguistics)|constituents]] in most Meskangela dialects broadly have [[w:head-final|head-final]] word order ('''SOV''', or "subject-object-verb"). There are some general tendencies: | ||