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Zanahi: Difference between revisions
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→Stems
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(→Stems) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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#'''Suffixed verbs''' - verbs formed with an unchanging stem followed by a suffix | #'''Suffixed verbs''' - verbs formed with an unchanging stem followed by a suffix | ||
====Stems==== | ====Stems==== | ||
Verbs have two finite stems: perfect and imperfect. | Verbs have two finite stems: perfect and imperfect. Additionally, there is a nominal stem used to form some derived nouns and adjectives. | ||
The formation of the stems depends on the type of verb. | The formation of the stems depends on the type of verb. | ||
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Zanahi verb stem formation | |+ Zanahi verb stem formation | ||
! No. !! Type !! Perfect stem !! Imperfect stem | ! No. !! Type !! Perfect stem !! Imperfect stem !! Nominal stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 !! Biliteral root verbs | ! 1 !! Biliteral root verbs | ||
| 1a2- || -1i2-; -1u2-; -1a2- | | 1a2- || -1i2-; -1u2-; -1a2- || ''Same as imperfect stem'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 !! Triliteral root verb | ! 2 !! Triliteral root verb | ||
| 1a2a3- || -12i3-; -12u3-; -12a3- | | 1a2a3- || -12i3-; -12u3-; -12a3- || 1i2i3-; 1u2u3-; 1a2a3- (''same vowel as imperfect stem'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 !! Quadriliteral root verbs | ! 3 !! Quadriliteral root verbs | ||
| 1a23a4- || -1a23i4- | | 1a23a4- || -1a23i4- || 1a23i4- | ||
|- | |- | ||
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#*S: represents the stem--> | #*S: represents the stem--> | ||
# If a consonant is ''y'' or ''w'', any non-stem-initial occurance of expected ''Ci'', ''Cu'', ''iC'' or ''uC'' is replaced by the corresponding long vowel (''ī'' and ''ū'' respectively for ''y'' and ''w''). Stem-initially, the vowel is instead dropped. As for expected ''aCa'' and ( | # If a consonant is ''y'' or ''w'', any non-stem-initial occurance of expected ''Ci'', ''Cu'', ''iC'' or ''uC'' is replaced by the corresponding long vowel (''ī'' and ''ū'' respectively for ''y'' and ''w''). Stem-initially, the vowel is instead dropped. As for expected ''aCa'' and (stem-finally in the imperfect and nominal stems) ''-aC'', it becomes ''ē'' or ''ō'' for ''y'' and ''w'' respectively. | ||
#It is possible for an underlying archphoneme /A/ (from original laryngeals) to take the place of any of the root consonants except the first. In such a case, that consonant and its adjacent vowel(s) are combined into ''-ā-'' in all cases. | #It is possible for an underlying archphoneme /A/ (from original laryngeals) to take the place of any of the root consonants except the first. In such a case, that consonant and its adjacent vowel(s) are combined into ''-ā-'' in all cases. | ||