Valthungian/Nouns: Difference between revisions

Most of the actual declensions of nouns are fairly standard – much more standardised, in fact, than Gothic – however, the various phonological rules governing the language create a great deal of variation (See [[Valthungian#Phonology|Phonology]]). It is important to be familiar with the rules set forth in the Phonology section of this document in order to fully understand some of the otherwise unexpected variants that emerge.

! colspan=9 style="text-align: left;"| Strong Masculine a-stem: ''[[Contionary: slēps#Valthungian|slēps]]'' ‘sleep’

The ija-stems are a variation of the ja-stems, but these follow stems with long vowels or multiple consonants or syllables before the ending. (This is the modern Valthungian reflex of something called [[wiki: Siever's Law#Sievers's_law_in_Germanic|Siever’s Law]].) The main difference between ja-stems and ija-stems in Modern Valthungian is that there is no palatalisation in the nominative and genitive singular, though there is still umlaut. (This same pattern occurs in the class 1 weak verbs.)  

The wa-stems nouns have –w– after the stem instead of –j–, and they tend to be a lot less dramatic than the j-stems because there is no palatalisation or umlaut or Siever’s Law to worry about. They are, however, plagued by another rule called [[wiki: Holtzmann's Law|Holtzmann’s Law]] – or an extension of it, anyway – which causes an unexpected –g– to pop up in a few of the declensions.  

The ijō-stems are a bit weird, mainly because the nominative singular seems to have collapsed in Proto-Germanic into a single -i (more of [[wiki: Siever's Law|Siever’s]] shenanigans), leaving a modern reflex of a simple -e following an unumlauted, unpalatalised stem. Otherwise, the ijō-stems are indistinguishable from the jō-stems in modern Valthungian.

The neuter u-stem only exists in newly-borrowed Latin or Latinate words ending in –ium (e.g. '''''[[aluminio#Valthungian|aluminio]]''''' ‘aluminum’), while earlier borrowings of neuter nouns in –ium tend to be ja- or ija-stems (e.g. '''''[[ōraloge#Valthungian|ōraloge]]''''' ‘clock’, from ''[[wikt: horologium|hōrologium]]'')

! colspan=5| Weak Neuter r/n-Stem Noun: ''[[Contionary: ǧikur#Valthungian|ǧikur]]'' ‘liver’

! colspan=5| Weak Neuter r/n-Stem Noun: ''[[Contionary: fōr#Valthungian|fōr]]'' ‘fire’

! colspan=5| Weak Neuter r/n-Stem Noun: ''[[Contionary: watra#Valthungian|watra]]'' ‘water’