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Carpathian language: Difference between revisions
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Common sound changes include [[w:Winter's law|Winter's law]], [[w:Hirt's law|Hirt's law]] (often levelled by analogical restoration), [[w:Ruki sound law|Ruki law]], merging of PIE short *o and *a into *a (which in the Western dialects later gained a labialised allophone *å, resulting in new o-phoneme), development of syllabic sonorants into diphthongoids with the initial element being a high vowel (either *i or *u). | Common sound changes include [[w:Winter's law|Winter's law]], [[w:Hirt's law|Hirt's law]] (often levelled by analogical restoration), [[w:Ruki sound law|Ruki law]], merging of PIE short *o and *a into *a (which in the Western dialects later gained a labialised allophone *å, resulting in new o-phoneme), development of syllabic sonorants into diphthongoids with the initial element being a high vowel (either *i or *u). | ||
Common grammatical feautures are the usage of the genitive case for the direct object of a negative verb, instead of the accusative case (may be a common substratum influence), the use of the ending ''*-mīs'' in the instrumental plural instead of ''-bhis'', ''*-ān'' of the instrumental singular in ā-stem nouns. | Common grammatical feautures are the usage of the genitive case for the direct object of a negative verb, instead of the accusative case (may be a common substratum influence), the use of the ending ''*-mīs'' in the instrumental plural instead of ''-bhis'', ''*-ān'' of the instrumental singular in ā-stem nouns, the intrumental case for the object of the existential copula. | ||
Some examples of words shared between Carpathian and Balto-Slavic languages: “linden” — Carpathian ''léipā'', Lithuanian ''líepa'', Old Prussian ''līpa'', Common Slavic ''*lìpa''; “hand” — Carpathian ''rañkā'', Lithuanian ''rankà'', Old Prussian ''ranka'', Common Slavic ''*rǭkà''; “head” — Carpathian ''galwā́'', Lithuanian ''galvà'', Old Prussian ''galwa'', Common Slavic ''*golvà''. | Some examples of words shared between Carpathian and Balto-Slavic languages: “linden” — Carpathian ''léipā'', Lithuanian ''líepa'', Old Prussian ''līpa'', Common Slavic ''*lìpa''; “hand” — Carpathian ''rañkā'', Lithuanian ''rankà'', Old Prussian ''ranka'', Common Slavic ''*rǭkà''; “head” — Carpathian ''galwā́'', Lithuanian ''galvà'', Old Prussian ''galwa'', Common Slavic ''*golvà''. | ||