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Carpathian language: Difference between revisions
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The Carpathian language preserves the archaic Proto-Indo-European distinction between athematic and thematic, but athematic verbs were gradually reduced in number. The primary first-person singular endings, athematic ''*-mi'' and thematic ''*-oh₂'', were kept distinct, giving Carpathian subject conjugation ''-mi'' and ''-ū'' respectively. The Proto-Carpathian second-person thematic ending ''*-ēi'' was altered by its athematic counterpart, becoming ''-sei'' in modern Carpathian. | The Carpathian language preserves the archaic Proto-Indo-European distinction between athematic and thematic, but athematic verbs were gradually reduced in number. The primary first-person singular endings, athematic ''*-mi'' and thematic ''*-oh₂'', were kept distinct, giving Carpathian subject conjugation ''-mi'' and ''-ū'' respectively. The Proto-Carpathian second-person thematic ending ''*-ēi'' was altered by its athematic counterpart, becoming ''-sei'' in modern Carpathian. | ||
In terms of grammatical tense, it is more accurate to speak of an aspectual distinction in Carpathian, although its aspects overlap with a more common use of tense in other European languages. The Carpathian aspectual system includes present, aorist, imperfect, perfect and future. Although still present, the stative is no longer a separate productive category, becoming instead a subclass of verbs. There are three moods: indicative, optative and subjunctive. Unlike many European languages, Carpathian lacks passive voice in finite verbs, but it preserves passive participles, reanalysed as inactive or stative. | In terms of grammatical tense, it is more accurate to speak of an aspectual distinction in Carpathian, although its aspects overlap with a more common use of tense in other European languages. The Carpathian aspectual system includes present, aorist, imperfect, perfect and future. Although still present, the stative is no longer a separate productive category, becoming instead a subclass of verbs. There are three moods: indicative, optative and subjunctive. | ||
Unlike many European languages, Carpathian lacks passive voice in finite verbs, but it preserves passive participles, reanalysed as inactive or stative. The infinitive is formed by the addition of the suffix ''-tei'', which likely arose as a participle in the dative case. The supine is formed by the addition of the suffix ''-tun'', which might have the same origin, as the infinitive, but as the accusative case instead. Both forms are unconjugated and usually used with finite verbs to indicate a specific occasion, goal or purpose, which is also true for participles. They can also be used independently as a main element of a subordinate clause. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Carpathian]] | [[Category:Carpathian]] | ||