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(Created page with "Carpathian vocabulary, i.e., the vocabulary of the Carpathian language, is primarily of the Indo-European origin, inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European but has changed over the centuries as the language evolved and was influenced by many other language groups, including a substrate of an unclear origin. Category:Carpathian") |
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Carpathian vocabulary, i.e., the vocabulary of the [[Carpathian language]], is primarily of the Indo-European origin, inherited directly from [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] but has changed over the centuries as the language evolved and was influenced by many other language groups, including a [[w:Pre-Indo-European languages|substrate]] of | Carpathian vocabulary, i.e., the vocabulary of the [[Carpathian language]], is primarily of the Indo-European origin, inherited directly from [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] but has changed over the centuries as the language evolved and was influenced by many other language groups, including a [[w:Pre-Indo-European languages|substrate]] of unclear origin. Carpathian contains relatively few loanwords, more or less comparable to its neighbouring languages. | ||
==Inherited vocabulary== | |||
Carpathian is a relatively conservative language, retaining many Proto-Indo-European roots, although many have undergone [[w:Semantic change|semantic drift]]. Most of its modern vocabulary is native, either inherited directly from Proto-Carpathian or derived later from existing native roots. | |||
==Neologisms== | |||
New words for new concepts or ideas tend to be composites of other native Carpathian words, rather than loanwords, for example: ''keliaukītwa'' “meteorology”, is derived from ''keliā'' (“weather”) and ''aukītwa'' (“studies”). Sometimes, obsolete or dialectal words are revived or reintroduced into the standard for new concepts. Carpathian uses its developed system of derivational morphology along with compounding to create new words, meaning that borrowing words is not necessary, but it still happens, when a certain concept is well-known and popular abroad, such as ''internetas'' “the Internet”. Other words may have native doublets, both of which are used depending on a social group: ''kompūteras'' and ''arpakaistus'', ''helikopteras'' and ''twaringas'' (the latter word is preferred, since the the loanword contains a prohibited cluster "pt"). Older loanwords tend to be quickly adapted to Carpathian phonology: ''duruka'' “print” (from German ''Druck''), replaced by native ''taiškus/taiskus'', while the more recent ones preserve the original phonology: ''aipodas'' “iPod” (with short "o", even though Eastern Carpathian has no short [o] in native vocabulary). However, certain sounds, such as [f], are not replaced, even though they are not present in the native vocabulary. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Proposed origin | |||
!colspan="3"| Examples | |||
|- | |||
!semantic area | |||
!modern words | |||
!derivation | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2| Proto-IE | |||
| Anatomy | |||
| ''inzū'' “tongue”, ''zanwā'' “jaw”, ''hastis'' “bone” | |||
| ''*dn̥ĝʰuh₂'' “tongue”, ''*ǵénweh₂'' “jaw”, ''*H₂óstis'' “bone” | |||
|- | |||
| Action | |||
| ''gebetei'' “to catch”, ''dōtei'' “to give”, ''sektei'' “to cut off” | |||
| ''*gʰebʰ-'' “to seize”, ''*deh₃-'' “give”, ''*sek-'' “to cut off” | |||
|- | |||
|Proto-Carpathian | |||
| Technology | |||
| ''salnā'' “salted meat”, ''mōsla'' “butter” | |||
| ''*səĺnah “salty”, *mōhźəsla'' “smeared” | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Carpathian]] | [[Category:Carpathian]] | ||