Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions

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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Strong verbs====
====Strong verbs====
Strong verbs are characterized by a past stem different from the present stem that takes the following personal endings in the indicative:
Strong verbs were characterized by a past stem different from the present stem that took the following personal endings in the indicative:
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! 1S !! 2S !! 3S !! 1P !! 2P !! 3P
! 1S !! 2S !! 3S !! 1P !! 2P !! 3P
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|-
|}
|}
The past stem is also used to form the past subjunctive with a connector vowel ''-i-''<!-- (which becomes ''-ī-'' in the case of heavy ''j''-presents)-->.
The past stem was also used to form the past subjunctive with a connector vowel ''-i-''<!-- (which becomes ''-ī-'' in the case of heavy ''j''-presents)-->.


Strong verbs can be put into classes depending on how the past stem is formed:
Strong verbs can be classified into classes based on how the past stem is formed:
#'''Class 1:''' This class has a present stem vowel of ''-i-''. It has two subclasses:
#'''Class 1:''' This class had a present stem vowel of ''-i-''. It had two subclasses:
#:'''a.''' The past stem is formed by changing the stem vowel to ''-ai-'' — e.g. ''*'''wit'''ēō'' "I see" > ''*'''wait'''ai'' "I saw", ''*'''wis'''saz'' "seen"
#:'''a.''' The past stem is formed by changing the stem vowel to ''-ai-'' — e.g. ''*'''wit'''ēō'' "I see" > ''*'''wait'''ai'' "I saw", ''*'''wis'''saz'' "seen"
#:'''b.''' The past stem is formed by changing the stem vowel to ''-ī-'' — e.g. ''*'''winh'''ō'' "I conquer" > ''*'''wīh'''ai'' "I conquered", ''*'''wih'''taz'' "conquered"
#:'''b.''' The past stem is formed by changing the stem vowel to ''-ī-'' — e.g. ''*'''winh'''ō'' "I conquer" > ''*'''wīh'''ai'' "I conquered", ''*'''wih'''taz'' "conquered"
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