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|nativename = fi brits Dămea | |nativename = fi brits Dămea | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]] | ||
|region = Pategia, Bjeheond, Quintlopetl, ... | |region = Pategia, Bjeheond, Quintlopetl, ... | ||
|speakers=220 million | |speakers=220 million | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Naeng''' (''fi cduay Dămea'' /vɪi gduəj dəmeə/ or ''fi cduay Neng'' /... naeŋ/; [[Eevo]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymee'' or ''a łynǿñ Neng'') is a [[Lakovic]] language belonging to the Naengic branch. It is also known as '''Ashanian''' (e.g. ''ne Qaśenin'' in [[Netagin]], specifically for Classical Naeng, ''zinAxān'' /sinaʃaːn/ in [[Naquian]]) or '''Tergetian''' (e.g. ''døluder Terged'' in [[Tseer]], ''tergetosin'' in [[Clofabosin]]) in various | '''Naeng''' (''fi cduay Dămea'' /vɪi gduəj dəmeə/ or ''fi cduay Neng'' /... naeŋ/; [[Eevo]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymee'' or ''a łynǿñ Neng'') is a [[Lakovic]] language belonging to the Naengic branch. It is also known as '''Ashanian''' (e.g. ''ne Qaśenin'' in [[Netagin]], specifically for Classical Naeng, ''zinAxān'' /sinaʃaːn/ in [[Naquian]]) or '''Tergetian''' (e.g. ''døluder Terged'' in [[Tseer]], ''tergetosin'' in [[Clofabosin]]) in various Hmøøhian languages. It is more distantly related to [[Tseer]], [[Ksieh]] and other Lakovic languages. | ||
Modern Naeng is a revived koine/lingua franca/creole arising from various Classical Naeng reading and interpretive traditions, and some scholars believe that Modern Naeng grammar doesn't directly continue that of Classical Naeng. An even more unorthodox view proposed by modern linguist Lămanoa Wadangpaş is that Modern Naeng should be thought of as a Lakovic-Netagin-Nurian hybrid language, unlike Tseer and [[Tergetian vernaculars]] which are true Lakovic languages; he thinks Modern Naeng is in part a relexification of Netagin and Nurian with Classical Naeng words, and he proposes that it be renamed to ''fi brits Biechănd'' or the Bjeheondian language. This hypothesis is challenged by Prăfin of Bălang and other scholars of creoles and sprachbunds in | Modern Naeng is a revived koine/lingua franca/creole arising from various Classical Naeng reading and interpretive traditions, and some scholars believe that Modern Naeng grammar doesn't directly continue that of Classical Naeng. An even more unorthodox view proposed by modern linguist Lămanoa Wadangpaş is that Modern Naeng should be thought of as a Lakovic-Netagin-Nurian hybrid language, unlike Tseer and [[Tergetian vernaculars]] which are true Lakovic languages; he thinks Modern Naeng is in part a relexification of Netagin and Nurian with Classical Naeng words, and he proposes that it be renamed to ''fi brits Biechănd'' or the Bjeheondian language. This hypothesis is challenged by Prăfin of Bălang and other scholars of creoles and sprachbunds in Hmøøh, who cited various historical intermediate stages of Naeng which appeared in writing (e.g. works by Etsoj Jopah) and in folk songs. For example, the polite pronoun ''Pra'' (from ''pida'' 'sage'), which is post-Classical, is found in ___'s letters. | ||
Today, Naeng is the majority language of Pategia and Quintlopetl, and a prominent minority language of the [[Verse: | Today, Naeng is the majority language of Pategia and Quintlopetl, and a prominent minority language of the [[Verse:Hmøøh/USB|USB]] and [[Verse:Hmøøh/Tumhan|Tumhan]]. In [[Talma]] Classical Naeng was replaced with vernacular Naeng varieties (called the [[Tergetian vernaculars|Tergetian languages]]) and other languages. It forms the [[Bjeheond]]ian sprachbund with [[Netagin]] vernaculars, [[Trây]], [[Gwnax]], and most other Bjeheondian languages. | ||
{{Windermere sidebar}} | {{Windermere sidebar}} | ||
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*/ɒ æ e o/ are [ɒ̝ æ̝ ɛ̝ ɔ̝]. | */ɒ æ e o/ are [ɒ̝ æ̝ ɛ̝ ɔ̝]. | ||
*In most accents, '''ir''' = '''ier''', '''ür''' = '''üer''', '''ur''' = '''uar'''. | *In most accents, '''ir''' = '''ier''', '''ür''' = '''üer''', '''ur''' = '''uar'''. | ||
*Stressed '''ă''' is used mainly in loans from [[Scellan]] (in Crackfic | *Stressed '''ă''' is used mainly in loans from [[Scellan]] (in Crackfic Hmøøh, English). | ||
====R-vocalization==== | ====R-vocalization==== | ||
/ʁ/ vocalizes to [ɐ] when not before a vowel, as follows: | /ʁ/ vocalizes to [ɐ] when not before a vowel, as follows: | ||
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*''să-'' = nominalizer | *''să-'' = nominalizer | ||
*{{angbr|''ng''}} = infix forming place nouns | *{{angbr|''ng''}} = infix forming place nouns | ||
*sngeaf 'world, | *sngeaf 'world, Hmøøh, age (used in the idiom ''sloc imsngeaf'' "forever" (lit. until the judgement of the world) ' < seaf 'walk, go' | ||
*{{angbr|''c''}} = infix forming instruments from verbs | *{{angbr|''c''}} = infix forming instruments from verbs | ||
*''dĭ-'' = negation | *''dĭ-'' = negation | ||
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===The Round Table=== | ===The Round Table=== | ||
This passage is from the ''Imthumitil Păchlac'', a retranslation of the [[Verse: | This passage is from the ''Imthumitil Păchlac'', a retranslation of the [[Verse:Hmøøh/Imθumitil|Imθumitil]] into Modern Naeng by Pida Yăchef Samarasang. | ||
{{col-begin}} | {{col-begin}} | ||
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*Zero or more caesurae in each line. | *Zero or more caesurae in each line. | ||
The most common meter in literary verse by far is the anapestic tetrameter: (u)uSuuSuuSuuS. It is also used in the [[Verse: | The most common meter in literary verse by far is the anapestic tetrameter: (u)uSuuSuuSuuS. It is also used in the [[Verse:Hmøøh/King Sămtsay Song|King Sămtsay Song]], the Bjeheondian national anthem. | ||
Some other meters are: | Some other meters are: | ||
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[[Category:Lakovic languages]] | [[Category:Lakovic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hmøøh]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||