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Syzkyn: Difference between revisions
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Syzkyn's grammar has been heavily influenced by Kartvelian languages, but continues some characteristic features of Old Norse. Broadly, Syzkyn is agglutinating, dependent-marking, pro-drop, and strongly head-final. | Syzkyn's grammar has been heavily influenced by Kartvelian languages, but continues some characteristic features of Old Norse. Broadly, Syzkyn is agglutinating, dependent-marking, pro-drop, and strongly head-final. | ||
=== Morphological Alternations === | |||
==== Ablaut and Umlaut ==== | |||
Syzkyn preserved Germanic Ablaut and Norse Umlaut to a limited extent. Neither is productive in the modern language, and the u-mutation like that found in Iceland is entirely lost in Syzkyn. | |||
==== H-Vocalization ==== | |||
Old Norse /g/ debuccalized to /h/ after a vowel. Later, /h/ vocalized to /j/ after a non-low front vowel, /v/ after a non-low back rounded vowel, and then to /a/ after a low vowel but before a consonant or word boundary. The vocalization to /a/ did not happen before a vowel, leading to an alternation between /a/ and /h/ when a vowel-initial morpheme is suffixed to roots ending in /ea/, /oa/, and /aa/. | |||
For example, the plural form of да'''а''', from Old Norse ''dagr'', is да'''ҳ'''ар from Old Norse ''dagar''. | |||
==== Glottalization ==== | |||
When two obstruents come into contact through affixation, they may merge into a single ejective consonant. This change is most common in constructions preserved from Old Norse. | |||
==== Spirantization ==== | |||
/l/ spirantizes to /ʒ/ after a voiced stop, /ʃ/ after an aspirated stop, and /t͡ʃʹ/ after ejectives. | |||
==== Uvularization and Velarization ==== | |||
/χ/, /ʁ/, and /qʹ/ may alternate respectively with /kʰ/, /g/, and /kʹ/ due to suffixation or ablaut. | |||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||