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Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions
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| name = ''Modern Gothic'' | | name = ''Modern Gothic'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nativename = '' | | nativename = Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, ''Gusanrazd''<br> Γnσɑvþɑþɔ, ''Gusenrard'' | ||
| pronunciation = | | pronunciation = /ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ <br> /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|creator=sjacik | |creator=sjacik | ||
|setting= | |setting=''Unnamed Alternate Timeline'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| state = | | state = Gothia | ||
| familycolor = Lightblue | | familycolor = Lightblue | ||
| fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | | fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | ||
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|ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | |ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nation = | | nation = Gothia | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== Settings == | == Settings == | ||
Modern Gothic is used in | Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. | ||
== Dialects == | == Dialects == | ||
Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.<br> | |||
From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard. | |||
=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | === Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | ||
==== General ==== | ==== General ==== | ||
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br> | /kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''qiman'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 ''qiman'' → ''*kwiman'' → pbμɑʒ ''kiomaz'' / pıμɜσ ''kimes'' / pbμσ ''kyms'', 'to come'. <br> | ||
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br> | /mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''himins'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 ''himins'' → ''*himms'' → εμμ ''emm'', 'heaven'. | ||
==== Elision ==== | ==== Elision ==== | ||
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel. | Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel. | ||
* Gothic ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ''almann'', 'German'. | * Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ɑлμɑvv ''almann'', 'German'. | ||
==== Metathesis ==== | ==== Metathesis ==== | ||
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br> | This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br> | * Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑p ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | * Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | ||
==== H-Lowering ==== | ==== H-Lowering ==== | ||
V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br> | V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''hardus'' → ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br> | * Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 ''hardus'' → ɑ̑þɔ ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → ''saa'', 'six'. | * Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → σɑɑ ''saa'', 'six'. | ||
==== W-Rounding ==== | ==== W-Rounding ==== | ||
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, | V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''wintrus'' → ''* | * Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bττþɑ ''iottra'' / ıττɜþ ''itter'' / bττþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''fidwor'' → '' | * Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' → çıɔoɑþ / çıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br> | ||
* Gothic ''thiuda'' → ''thiudh / | * Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ! !! Labial !! Dental !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || m || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> || | | Nasal || m || || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g || | | Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Affricate || || tʃ dʒ || || | | Affricate || || || tʃ dʒ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || t s ʃ ʒ || x || h<sup>4</sup> | | Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || θ ð || t s ʃ ʒ || x || (h)<sup>4</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Approximant || || || j || | | Approximant || || || || j || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Trill || || r || || | | Trill || || || r || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br> | <sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br> | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! !! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |||
| || Unrounded || Rounded || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Close || i iː iə̯ | | Close || i iː iə̯ || y yː yə̯ || ɨ ɨː || u uː uə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Close-mid || eː eə̯ | | Close-mid || ɪ eː eə̯ || øː øə̯ || || ʊ oː oə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ | | Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ ||œ œː œə̯ || ə || ɔ ɔː ɔə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open || a aː aə̯ || || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | | Open || a aː aə̯ || || || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | /ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | ||
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | ||