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Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions
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| name = ''Modern Gothic'' | | name = ''Modern Gothic'' | ||
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| nativename = Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, ''Gusanrazd''<br> | | nativename = Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, ''Gusanrazd''<br> Γnσɜvþɑþɔ, ''Gusenrard'' | ||
| pronunciation = /ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ <br> /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/ | | pronunciation = /ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ <br> /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/ | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Modern Gothic''' is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ. | '''Modern Gothic''' is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ. <br> | ||
== | Throughout this article I will be using a combination of Greek, Cyrillic, and Latin (both regular as well as some of the Insular forms that have Unicode representations) in order to write MG in a way that resembles its native script. | ||
== Setting == | |||
Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. | Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. | ||
== Dialects == | == Dialects == | ||
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From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard. | From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard. | ||
== | ==Orthography== | ||
Modern Gothic is written in a version of Wulfilas' Gothic alphabet, albeit with Greek influences. These include the use of sigma form of σɑnɥл ''saujl'', as well as the adoption of bicameralism with the Greek minuscules being used for the majuscules that resembled the Greek uppercase. There are also Romance influences, such as the way spirantized consonants are written with a following r ''h'' (called ɑpл ''awl''). However in the modern day it has become a diacritic above the letter that resembles an inverted breve, e.g. μıʒ̑vɑ̑ꞇ ''mizhnȃt''. | |||
==Standard New Gothic == | ==Standard New Gothic == | ||
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/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | /ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br> | ||
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | ||
=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | |||
==== General ==== | |||
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 ''qiman'' → ''*kwiman'' → pbμɑʒ ''kiomaz'' / pıμɜσ ''kimes'' / pbμσ ''kyms'', 'to come'. <br> | |||
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 ''himins'' → ''*himms'' → εμμ ''emm'', 'heaven'. | |||
==== Elision ==== | |||
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel. | |||
* Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ɑлμɑvv ''almann'', 'German'. | |||
==== Metathesis ==== | |||
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑p ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / лɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''lȃȃjz / lȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | |||
==== H-Lowering ==== | |||
V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 ''hardus'' → ɑ̑þɔ ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → σɑɑ ''saa'', 'six'. | |||
==== W-Rounding ==== | |||
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bꞇꞇþɑ ''iottra'' / ıꞇꞇɜþ ''itter'' / bꞇꞇþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' → ꝼıɔoɑþ / ꝼıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br> | |||
* Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'. | |||